Special education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Special education - Essay Example I found it necessary that preschool teachers needs to acquire full knowledge on the background of their students (family types, racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds, income strata, parent-education levels and language backgrounds); Learn their strengths academically as well as their weaknesses, so that they would be able to determine which teaching strategy to adopt and implement to this kind of learners. I also observed during the sessions with both the preschoolers and their teachers that, most of time, preschool teachers are exerting more effort to get the attention of the children, to let them speak and interact during the small group activities. Preschool teachers are very patient and never lose their patience and temperament. Another observation is that, only few parents or guardians are around with the kids, to observe them as well as to monitor their daily activities. The preschool teachers were good in seeing the children in a variety of situations at the school and are able to identify their respective needs and problems. Practically, I can say that the classrooms are very conducive to preschoolers’ learning process; the walls of the classrooms are quite attractive, with visual aids posted on it, flashcards, coloring books, educational toys and wide-range of multimedia are readily available for the students’ use. Perhaps, these are the means of the educators in order to stimulate the preschoolers more intellectually. The preschoolers were also provided with books, worksheets, and other forms of learning materials. They have good playground, security and there were kiosks for the parents and guardians as they stay. There were varied approaches to teaching observed. Most activities start in large group where the students dance, sing or recite poems all together. There were instances that they do activities alone like when they practice to write their names, color their drawing book, answer workbooks

Sterling 1973 Article Summary Essay Example for Free

Sterling 1973 Article Summary Essay During the opening of the article the author Robert Sterling declares the purpose of discussing the inconsistencies between research accounting, educational accounting, and professional practicing accounting. The reason being for these differences between the major arenas of accounting is the isolation of research results from both practice and education. However, the absence of conflicts between education and practice is due to the harmony between educators preparing students to operate for the practitioners or employers. The author continues by discussing historical publications about the problems with valuation especially in the subject of valuation of marketable securities. Sterling believes that on good grounds marketable securities ought to be valued at market. He observes the disconnect between the education system and the valuation of marketable securities pointing out the main educational accounting theory derives from the intermediate course texts, which raise the question of valuing marketable securities, however does not present the results of research contradicted in education and practice. This as an example to illustrate the larger point that the accounting profession wrongly passes down principles as a tradition not based on best practice, therefore teach research results. The suggestions being teach research results as the desired state, and teach accepted practices as the current state. Questions regarding this article are the following: Do you believe research results need to be incorporated into today’s accounting education? How should the detriment of management be dealt with to implement research results? How could the three arenas of accounting be best connected (research, education, and practice)?

Catherine and Heathcliffs Passion in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte

Love’s Destruction in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† In the novel â€Å"Wuthering Heights†, by Emily Bronte, Catherine and Heathcliff’s passion for one another is the center of the story. Catherine appears to struggle with her choices in love displaying immaturity in how she sees the love between herself and Heathcliff. Heathcliff’s love for Catherine is more of a true love, however, â€Å"true love† soon turns into an obsession that leads him to madness and, eventually, his death. Catherine actually detested Heathcliff when they were younger. At their first meeting she sees a scummy, gross and poor little child but as Mr. Earnshaw, Catherine's father, integrates Heathcliff into the family Catherine comes to like Heathcliff and starts to spend a lot of time with him and they eventually become inseparable. Soon after Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley, Catherine’s brother, takes over Wuthering Heights and bans Heathcliff to the fields to be a common laborer. This banishment does not stop Catherine from seeking out Heathcliff, it actually increases her adolescent love for Heathcliff. Catherine has a terrible accident one night when Heathcliff and Catherine where out playing around the Grange, she is bitten by a dog at Thruschcross Grange and is treated by Mrs. Linton, the mistress of Thruschcross Grange, and ultimately meets her son Edgar Linton. After staying with the Linton family for awhile, Catherine returns Name 2 home a â€Å"proper† young lady. When she first returns home she is happily greeted, by the servants and her family. Catherine immediately asks for Heathcliff and mocks him â€Å"†¦ how very black and cross you look! And how – how funny and grim!† (47) She is quite displeased with the way his looks have changed since she has been gone. After thi... ...rom not eating properly and the stress that he has put himself through. Heathcliff gets buried right next to Catherine’s grave and has the side of his coffin facing Catherine’s removed so that as their bodies decompose their dust will intermingle to serve as a symbol for everlasting love. We see in this novel that the love between Catherine and Heathcliff constitutes the center of Wuthering Heights both thematically and emotionally, and, if one is to respond at all to the novel it is difficult to resist sympathizing with that love. The love that brings both the rise of Heathcliff and Catherine and the fall of both of them to the point that they die from not being able to express their love and obsession for one another because in actuality they are soul mates. Name 5 Work Cited Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights. Oxford University press, 1998

Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles

In today’s society not everyone has heard of the theory of multiple intelligences however most people have heard of learning styles. Even in the education field, educators may not be able to correctly define both. Are multiple intelligences and learning styles two different names of the same thing? This paper will discuss their differences and similarities. According to Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) â€Å"Multiple Intelligences addresses what is taught, while learning style addresses how it is taught, and in what context† (p. 11).Learning style research has evidenced that any content can be mastered when taught through students' strengths. The Oxford dictionary defines Intelligence as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. The word intelligence is derived from the Latin verb intelligere meaning to comprehend or perceive. The word intelligence was first used in the 14th century. Early beliefs in intelligence stated that intelligence could be tested wit h a series of questions and the higher a person scored the more intelligent that person was believed to be.The first intelligence test used was developed by psychologist Alfred Binet in 1904 (Wade & Tarvis, 2012). The first intelligence tests used were used for the purpose of identifying slow children in school. Binet’s intelligence test tested the mental age of children. In 1905 Binet and his colleague Theordore Simon developed a test that measured memory, vocabulary and perceptual discrimination.Later a scoring system was developed to determine the intelligence quotient based on mental age and chronological age. The early intelligence quotient test did have some flaws and the scoring system did not work well for adults so today’s intelligence quotient tests are scored differently than the beginning of the intelligence quotient tests. Multiple intelligences is a theory developed by Howard Gardner in 1983 that shows that mathematics and language were not the only way t o test intelligence.Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory rejected the traditional and long-held view that aptitude consists solely of the ability to reason and understand complex ideas (Edutopia Staff, 2009). Gardner based his theory on previous physiological studies and had no empirical research to support his theory. Even without research to support the theory, his theory still has popular support. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences states that there are at least nine different kinds of intelligences.These are the nine different kinds of intelligences, Linguistic: talent for reading, poetry and all things literary and linguistic; Logical-mathematical: talent for math and science; Spatial/visual: talent for images, drawings, construction games and tactile puzzles; Kinesthetic: talent for using a person’s whole body or parts of the body, activities that involve touch and movement; Interpersonal: talent for working with others; Intrapersonal: talent for understanding oneself; Naturalistic: talent for the natural world, plants, animals, and rocks; and Existential: talent for understanding philosophically and theoretically.Learning styles are the preferred style of learning that a person believes works the best for that person to gain knowledge based on their strengths, weaknesses and preferences. Learning styles are sometimes called learning preferences. â€Å"So, a learning style is a preferred way of learning and studying; for example, using pictures instead of text; working in groups as opposed to working alone; or learning in a structured rather than an unstructured manner† (Pritchard, 2009, p. 41). There are three learning style: Auditory: prefer to learn by hearing; Visual: prefer to learn by seeing; and Kinesthetic: prefer to learn by doing.According to Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace (2001) learners are influenced by twenty one elements although not all learners are affected by all 21, most are affected by six to fourteen elements. These twenty one elements that affect learners are classified into five different variables: Psychological: perceptual, intake, time and mobility; Environmental: sound, light, temperature and design; Emotional: motivation, persistence, responsibility and structure; Sociological: self, pair, peers, team, adult and varied and Physiological: global/analytic, hemisphericity, and impulsive/reflective.By identifying each learners learning style teachers and learners can capitalize on the learner’s strengths and weaknesses. Most learners have a primary learning style however it may not be the only learning style that learner has. Some learners have a secondary learning style which can be used to reinforce initial learning. Pritchard (2009) found there is a possible drawback to helping children to identify their particular learning style: if a child is given a particular learning stylelabel, it is possible that they will center their learning on this one approach to learnin g and even refuse to work in other modes. Many people believe that Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles are the same thing just worded differently. The main difference between multiple intelligences and learning styles is multiple intelligences addresses what is learned and learning styles address how it is learned. Multiple intelligences and learning styles are similar in that both are that both are individualized to each learner.It is important to understand the differences and similarities of multiple intelligences and learning styles so that each person can understand what works best for them and how they learn. The process by which people learn is different from person to person. This paper was used to highlight general intelligence, the types of multiple intelligences and learning styles. Multiple intelligences and learning styles vary greatly from person to person. Each person should figure out how they learn for their best opportunity for effective and lasting learning . A one size fits all approach to learning will never work for all learners.

Human rights legislation Essay

The issue of implementing a widely accepted Human Rights policy has become a serious hurdle in recent years for many non Western nations like China Iran and Africa. Over the past couple of decades many nations in Asia Africa and the middle East have found themselves embroiled in human rights violation controversies and have been at the receiving end of Western based criticism for these policies. (D. Bell 1996), Some have often faced severe financial penalties and boycotts from the Western world which has effected their economic development these controversies have given birth to a new philosophical debate on Universalist stance on human rights versus the relativist stance. The debate centres on the precept of whether the western based human right theories can be implemented in culturally diverse nations at a universal level. The Universalist theory of Human Rights is predominantly derived from Western philosophy and places tremendous importance on the rights of an individual. This theory has its roots in Greek philosophy, principles of Christianity and the philosophical musings of European Enlightenment thinkers. (D. Bell 1999), The universalist approach to Human Rights propagates that certain basic human rights are inherent to safeguard the existence of every human and can be identified by using either religion nature or reason This theory holds the percept that all individuals should be granted certain rights by the very virtue of their humanity and that these rights cannot be conditioned by gender or national or ethnic origin. (Donnelly 1999) The Universalist theory also propagates that these rights exist universally across all diversities of culture race and religion and can not be subordinated to another person or an institution ( Cultural relativism on the other hand is based on the notion that there should not be the prevalence of an adherence to specific objective standards by which a person or a nation be judged. The debate between universalism and relativism was an old one but its extension to the realm of cultural relativism is comparatively new and was influenced by the work of cultural anthropologists who demonstrated that all different cultures are equally worthy and exercise their own views regarding the rights of an individual.. Theories propagating culture relativism holds the view that there is no universal meaning to a moral value and that these values are influenced by culture. The theories also establish that there are profound differences between western legal theories and cultures and those of Africa, Asia, India and Islam. (E. Charney 1999 ) Theoretically speaking, the debate between universalism and culture fluctuates on a spectrum varying from radical aspects of universalism that propagates strict adherence to certain standards and radical aspects of relativism which holds culture to be the sole source of judging the validity of a moral value. This debate first came to the limelight in the arena of world politics in 1993 during a UN Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna. It was in this conference that a delegation led by China, Syria and Iran officially challenged the universality of Human Rights. These countries put forward some essential causes for their discontentment with the prevailing practice of adopting universality to Human Rights. This included the central percept that universal theories of Human Rights were not universal at all in their scope and were based on concepts and theories of Western morality. (T. Franck 2001 pg 91), They argued further that these human rights theories should not therefore be imposed as norms on non-western societies in disregard of those societies’ historical and economic development and in disregard of their cultural differences and perceptions of what is right and wrong. Furthermore they held that such imposition of ones own understanding and cultural interpretation of human rights on another culture without understanding the values of that culture is entirely unjust and reflects an imperialist attitude. The debate between these two perspectives examines the inherent strengths and weaknesses of both stances towards human rights. However when looking at the merits and de-merits of these two approaches it is essential to stay away from a philosophical discussion of the intrinsic value of each perspective and focus on the practical translation of these two stances and how each of them are used in modern day practice. The greatest strength of universalism is that it institutes a fundamental system of rights that guarantees the protection of individual’s basic freedoms from any government policies that might seek to constrain this to propagate their own doctrines. Most of the formal legislation on human rights propagates the existence of â€Å"negative† rights which seek to limit the interference of government in the lives of individuals and guarantee that an individual has certain basic freedoms that the government cannot infringe upon. Commonly defined these include the freedom to maintain ones privacy, freedom to speak freely without ear of persecution, freedom to hold exercise religious beliefs , freedom to hold and subscribe to opinions that may be political in nature and finally the freedom to associate with anybody that the individual desires to. Any government policy which seeks to infringe on these beliefs can be deemed unconstitutional and can be revoked by law. (D. Bell 1999), Perhaps the biggest weakness of universalism is that it is rooted and stems from Western belief and practice and works best with political system that are fashioned on western models of democracy and capitalism. ( An-Na’im, 1991 pg 22) There is no disputing the fact that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is tailored and customized by western nations. It included the representation of only four African nations (An Naim 2001 pg 88). The majority of the drafts of the declaration are written in English. In fact all the legislation on Human Rights including International Bill of Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights heavily derives their content from the work of European Enlightenment philosophers namely Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. The belief that there are certain freedoms which the government cannot and shouldn’t interfere with underlies the political system of many modern western countries. It has been the underlying belief of the US Constitution and the US Bill of Rights as well as the French Constitution. Since the majority of Human rights legislation shares affinity with the believes propagated in the founding principles of many western democracies many believe that there is a close interdependency between instituting universal human right concepts and maintaining Western models of democracy. (M. Winston 2000) This has lead to the widespread Western ethnocentrism when it comes to the application of Human rights principles in countries which harbour different systems of government based on different religious beliefs

Uses of Statistics Essays

Uses of Statistics Essays Uses of Statistics Essay Uses of Statistics Essay Uses of Statistics HCS/438 August 2, 2011 Mike Janson Uses of Statistics The use of statistics has been proven to assist the understanding of information, data, in many ways. Statistical information is not just collected, but it is also organized and quantified, providing a clearer picture for further study. This writer will explain how statistics are used in my personal workplace, and describe aspects of the statistics used. Statistics in Personal Workplace My personal workplace is what the federal government classifies as a skilled nursing facility, under the label of long term care. We serve one hundred and twenty predominantly elderly residents who are both long The example of a descriptive statistic would be our Education impacts the quality of the services provided (Gambrill, 2000). At these times, and at times of organizational and personal planning for the future, accurate, and correct nursing decisions need to be made. Inferential Statistic Example My long-term professional goal is contingent on my goal defined above. It will not be achieved unless the short-term goal is complete. My long-term professional goal is to be an advanced practice nurse, in particular, a Nurse Practitioner, or NP. A registered nurse in this position, is â€Å"prepared for primary care practice in family medicine, women’s health, neonatology, pediatrics, school health, geriatrics, or mental health† (Venes, 2009). I believe I can make a greater difference in the lives of my clients, achieving this goal. Skills needed for this type of position, and advanced degree, are many. The NP may practice to a point autonomously, but must have the overriding approval and supervision of a physician willing to do so. Excellent communication and clinical skills are imperative to good outcomes. Similar to a physician’s care choices, a client’s life is impacted by decisions instituted by the NP, at the simplest to most complex levels. It will not be easy to achieve this goal. Right now, each class I pass, and in March 2012, the attainment of my bachelor’s degree, brings me closer to the start of this program. Local Master’s degree level NP programs extend through two years’ worth of full-time study, and will necessitate lifestyle changes that will impact my family’s lives for a significant period. Challenges and obstacles assuredly are faced during this time and can be expected in the pursuit of learning (Washburne, 1936). Challenges include the type of employment I perform during this period, payment for bills while engaged in full-time study and the potential change of residence to have better access for studying needs for a time. Personal Goals My personal goals, though separate from my professional goals may be acutely intertwined and dependent on professional goals for achievement. My personal goals, both short-term and long-term, tend to be defined this way. Short-Term Personal Goal My short-term personal goal is simple, and consists of showing my children the importance of meeting and overcoming challenges to achieve an educational goal. This will be accomplished with the conferral of a bachelor’s degree in nursing. My childhood was spent in a farming community, and education was not something promoted as a need, or a goal to be achieved. I have fought this engrained mentality for many years, and have determined not to pass this on to my children, or show agreement with it in any way. I want them to see education is worth something, it is worth fighting for and it does have rewards when achieved. I have used my enthusiasm for my children’s school opportunities, my own excitement at their progress, and promotion of extra educational challenges they can choose, to show them the value in what they study. This personal goal is achieved every day with interest shown, and excellent grades in, the topics they study. Long-Term Personal Goal My long-term personal goal is more complex, and is dependent on my long-term professional goal. The ability of my children to attend college, and the ability to assist with this, is important to me. It does entail a lifestyle change that would come with the completion of an advanced practice degree. Completion of an advanced educational degree such as a Master’s program for a Nurse Practitioner has been shown to result in increased income (Navratil, 1976). This translation to higher income would enable greater ease in promoting the pursuit of college for my children, thereby enhancing their future as well. My prior mentioned short-term goal challenges of promoting education for the many benefits it brings while being positive over the sacrifice it requires will be the greatest hurdle throughout this endeavor. It takes skill to maneuver through the pitfalls of negativity and maintain a positive attitude. I will know this goal will be met on the day my first child enters her own chosen course of study at a higher learning institution and follow her own dreams. Conclusion Understanding the goals we have in life can help us in determining factors to be aware of, such as milestones met, or the challenges experienced in their pursuit. Professional and personal goals, though thought of separately, intertwine. Our goals affect us, as we achieve them, and also affect those around us, directly or indirectly. Pursuit of planned goals and the use of education in achieving them will assist in the betterment of those who do. References Gambrill, E. D. (2000). Honest Brokering of Knowledge and Ignorance. Journal of Social Work Education. pp. 387-397. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Navratil, F. J. (1976). Returns to Education: An International Comparison/Education, Income and Human Behavior (Book Review). Journal of Human Resources, 11(1), 131-135. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Venes, D. (2009). Tabers Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. (21st ed). Philidelphia, PA: F. A. Davis. Retrieved from: credoreference. com/entry/tcmd/nurse Washburne, J. (1936). The definition of learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 27 (8), 603-611. doi:10. 1037/h0060154

Improving Communications by Building Community At Microsoft †Communications Essay

Improving Communications by Building Community At Microsoft – Communications Essay Free Online Research Papers Improving Communications by Building Community At Microsoft Communications Essay In the early years, microsoft.com was just one of many computers tucked under a table at the end of a long hallway. It was designed to test Microsofts first 32-bit Windows implementation of TCP/IP, the software plumbing in Windows that enables Internet communications. Today, microsoft.com is the fourth-largest web site, powered by internal and external servers all over the world and visited by millions of customers daily. How the site got where it is now is a story of intelligent management decisions, especially in the area of communications. Microsoft sought out to build a strong organizational communications model to serve as the communications guiding force for all levels of Microsoft employees and customers. Some of the obvious questions to be addressed were: 1. Is the communications model currently in use adequate? 2. Do shareholders have any concerns about its communications methods? 3. How do employees communicate in the workplace? 4. Are employees allowed to communicate freely? 5. How does the public feel about communicating with Microsoft through its web portal? Is it user-friendly? This paper is a review of what the company implemented to advance managerial communications. Situation In 2006, Microsoft initiated Road to Excellence, the companys strategy was to significantly gain more World Wide Web market share, but there was a problem. The company had become a victim of its own rapid growth, mainly in its software division. A disparity in communications had arisen between key decision makers across the organization due to a simple lack of manpower. A strategy needed to be devised to address impending chaos. The strategy encompassed several initiatives and goals across divisions that focused on improving internal and external communications to boost overall performance and deliver sound growth. Microsoft Development and microsoft.com needed to align various levels of leadership and ultimately all employees with communications initiatives that could be truly measured, evaluated and improved. Strategy Implementation Recognizing the value and power of strategic change and communications to align employees with new goals, Microsoft asked CAB and Associates, a marketing consultant group, to conduct an audit of the value of its entire communications function. CAB was also asked to make recommendations for the launch of the audit as well as recommendations for sustained communications outreach. In working with the CAB team, the first step toward aligning employees to performance goals was to conduct an assessment of employees current perceptions. To determine the degree of employee understanding of the organizations vision and growth initiatives as well as the effectiveness of existing internal communications, CAB conducted qualitative research and quantitative surveys of employees perceptions and preferences (Corder, 2006, p. 21). To do so CAB created three teams to thoroughly evaluate and score Microsoft’s current communication processes, provide feedback, and suggest solutions for findings. Team I â€Å"Community Central† This team had the responsibility of â€Å"building community† within Microsoft by using any and all methods, within its reach. Paramount to this entire program was to build trust, which was vital in order to maximize unbiased results. It was their responsibility to correctly interpret, and share the mission, vision, and values of Microsoft’s communications goals. Team I initiated the process by building collaborative teams, using collective inquiry that were results, not intentions oriented, and that promoted continuous improvement (DuFour, 1998, p.25). Other responsibilities included evaluating the performance and findings of all sub communications assessment, and training communication training teams. Even though it was the command center for this communications improvement program, it was promoted to be seen as a support system available to all teams and participants, thus further reinforcing the â€Å"community† concept. Team II, Internal Communications â€Å"The Organization† The leaders of Microsoft knew they needed to transform the way in which employees thought about, measured, and managed communications within the business. After considerable research, they decided that using a computerized survey scorecard approach was the best way to align the organization with the companys communications goals. A team was designed to study all internal communications of Microsoft. For this evaluation, CABs internal communication department was particularly interested in deriving information in the areas of strategic message retention, perceptions of senior leadership, the companys vision and goals, correct communication channel selection, and evaluation of vehicle effectiveness and preferences (Munter, 2006, p.23). Additionally, they wanted to determine how employees were currently receiving and using information about Microsoft in general, and as a whole and the external marketplace. The Organizational Challenges Comprised of members from key areas of the business, Team II worked with CAB to develop a customized survey and scorecard for the company. How should the company launch their surveys and have employees understand how to transform their mental model of the business, given all of the other operational initiatives that were underway? An Integrated Solution A Survey Scorecard Knowledge Map (SSKM) was developed using multiple proprietary software packages that were deployed at random sites through one hour working sessions at various working hours and conditions (office, distribution, sales, etc.). The map was used to launch the scorecard concept, raise the participants awareness level and have each person critically think about his or her role in the business without having to worry about job responsibilities or distractions. The assessment found that while employees had positive perceptions of the companys direction and strategic initiatives, they were not retaining key messages around the new strategy. They also felt deluged with e-mail communications, liked CABs print publication but felt it to be less effective in terms of conveying information, and preferred, instead, more personal communications from senior leadership. Team III, External Communications â€Å"The Marketplace† Another leading software manufacturer and distributor faced unprecedented change. Customers were trimming internal operations that werent seen as core. Customers expected the steel vendors to offer these operations as value added services at a minimal price. In addition, the amount of business that was sold off of list price had fallen from 70% to 30% in three years and the downward pressure on pricing was increasing dramatically. This team had the privilege of evaluating Microsoft’s external communications. The team designed and implemented e-mail and print assessments, conducted telephone interviews, captured a representative sample of customer input from a base that included participants at all levels, geographies and years of experience. In total, approximately 4,520 persons were surveyed. Results The CAB internal communications team had restructured all employee communications to better focus on company performance and progress-tracking. Microsoft was now in a stronger position to support senior leadership with practical advice on implementing quarterly, cascaded employee communications forums, and have redesigned print and electronic publications to reflect growth initiatives and goals. In addition, the communications campaign, delivered through a computer delivered scorecard had enabled employees to better anticipate the level of performance required within the context of their assigned duties. Improved communications were proven to be at the heart of delivering results and winning support from every area of Microsoft that eventually improved the companys profitability, growth and market share. In fact, communications were found to be so important that they need to be strategically managed in the same way that operations, finance, administration, technology, human resources and other facets of the business were managed. There had never been a time when effective communications had been more important. Microsoft had entered a business era that had been transformed by constant change and transition, leadership challenges, evolving technologies, and global markets that were best described as unpredictable, fast-paced and unforgiving. CAB provided strategic counsel, expert guidance and implementation support on all critical communications issues. CAB’s global team of communication and business professionals helped Microsoft understand, enhance, and manage the perceptions of their company in the eyes of their critical audiences: Shareholders and the investment community The companys senior management team and Board of Directors The companys employees, at every level The media and, by extension, the public Opinion leaders who impacted corporate reputations CAB took the initiative to enhance shareholder value by fostering clearer two-way communications with the investment community, and aligning employees at all levels to ensure commitment to the Microsoft’s vision, values and communications operating Communications Strategy 8 strategy. CAB’s combination of professional expertise, geographic reach, breadth of services, and depth of resources was proven to be truly unique in the corporate communications consulting industry. Conclusion Based on the results of these assessments, Microsoft developed a comprehensive recommendation for multi-level, aligned communications that focused on the companys growth strategy. Also based on the facts, CAB provided recommendations for a communication campaign to launch an ongoing survey process to a random selection of Microsoft’s general employee audience. The launch included a celebratory event concept to further build community and promote employee buy in that offered a continuous flow of updates, available to employees and shareholders. CAB helped accomplish these tasks by delivering measurable business results. Their approach began with a careful identification and analysis of Microsoft’s key constituents, their perceptions of the company, their behaviors that resulted from those perceptions, and the drivers of information that would improve those perceptions. Experts in CAB and Microsoft’s corporate and financial communications were deployed in every major facet of the business to include the input of everyone involved with Microsoft, especially professionals with extensive backgrounds in senior communications management, journalism and marketing. With this in place, the teams had what they needed to offer the best assessments and solutions for overall communications at Microsoft. References Corder, L. (2006). The Snapshort Survey. Chicago: Dearborn Trade. DuFour, R. (1998). Professional Learning Communities at Work. Bloomington: National Educational Service. Munter, M. (2006). Guide to Managerial Communication (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Research Papers on Improving Communications by Building Community At Microsoft - Communications EssayThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

How the Dow Jones Industrial Average Is Calculated

How the Dow Jones Industrial Average Is Calculated If you read the newspaper, listen to the radio, or watch the nightly news on television, you have probably heard about what happened in the market today. Its all fine and good that the Dow Jones finished up 35 points to close at 8738, but what does that really mean? What Is  the Dow? The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI), commonly just referred to as simply The Dow, is an average of the price of 30 different stocks. The stocks represent 30 of the largest and most widely publicly traded stocks in the United States. The index measures how these companies stocks have traded over the course of a standard trading session in the stock market. It is the second-oldest and one of the most referenced stock market index in the United States.  The Dow Jones Corporation, the administrators of the index, modifies the stocks being tracked in the index from time to time to best reflect the largest and most widely traded stocks of the day. The Stocks of the Dow Jones Industrial Average As of April 2019, the following 30 stocks were constituents of the Dow Jones Industrial Average index: Company Symbol Industry 3M MMM Conglomerate American Express AXP Consumer Finance Apple AAPL Consumer Electronics Boeing BA Aerospace and Defense Caterpillar CAT Construction and Mining Equipment Chevron CVX Oil and Gas Cisco Systems CSCO Computer Networking Coca-Cola KO Beverages Dow Inc. DOW Chemical Industry ExxonMobil XOM Oil and Gas Goldman Sachs GS Banking and Financial Services The Home Depot HD Home Improvement Retailer IBM IBM Computers and Technology Intel INTC Semiconductors Johnson Johnson JNJ Pharmaceuticals JPMorgan Chase JPM Banking McDonald's MCD Fast Food Merck MRK Pharmaceuticals Microsoft MSFT Consumer Electronics Nike NKE Apparel Pfizer PFE Pharmaceuticals Procter Gamble PG Consumer Goods Travelers TRV Insurance UnitedHealth Group UNH Managed Healthcare United Technologies UTX Conglomerate Verizon VZ Telecommunication Visa V Consumer Banking Walmart WMT Retail Walgreens Boots Alliance WBA Retail Walt Disney DIS Broadcasting and Entertainment How the Dow Is Calculated The Dow Jones Industrial Average is price-averaged meaning that it is computed by taking the average price of the 30 stocks that comprise the index and dividing that figure by a number called the divisor. The divisor is there to take into account stock splits and mergers which also makes the Dow a scaled average. If the Dow werent calculated as a scaled average, the index would decrease whenever a stock split took place. To illustrate this, suppose a stock on the index worth $100 splits is split or divided into two stocks each worth $50. If the administrators did not take into account that there are twice as many shares in that company as before, the DJI would be $50 lower than before the stock split because one share is now worth $50 instead of $100. The Dow Divisor The divisor is determined by weights placed on all the stocks (due to these mergers and acquisitions) and as a result, it changes quite often. For example, on November 22, 2002, the divisor was equal to 0.14585278, but as of September 22, 2015, the divisor is equal to 0.14967727343149.   What this means is that if you took the average cost of each of these 30 stocks on September 22, 2015, and divided this number by the divisor 0.14967727343149, youd get the closing value of the DJI on that date, which was 16330.47. You can also use this divisor to see how an individual stock influences the average. Because of the formula used by the Dow, a one point increase or decrease by any stock will have the same effect, which is not the case for all indices. Dow Jones Industrial Average Summary So the Dow Jones number you hear on the news each night is simply this weighted average of stock prices. Because of this, the Dow Jones Industrial Average should just be considered a price in itself. When you hear that the Dow Jones went up 35 points, it just means that to buy these stocks (taking into account the divisor) at 4:00 p.m. EST that day (the closing time of the market), it would have cost $35 more than it would have cost to buy the stocks the day before at the same time.

Cultural Context & Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cultural Context & Design - Essay Example f the ad design, not only can the careful observer learn much about the company, but can also assess how the advertisement is impacting or contributing to the general thought and behavior of society. This examination of the signs of a given advertisement is what Roland Barthes referred to as semiotic analysis. This process of looking at an advertisement for its deeper cultural meanings and associations enables us to gain a better understanding of the relationship that develops between the product or the advertiser and the viewer or consumer. After examining a little bit about what Roland Barthes meant by semiotic analysis, this process will be applied to two advertisements as an illustration of the process. Roughly speaking, semiotics refers to the process of analyzing the ‘signs’ of a given culture for indications of meaning at varying levels. â€Å"Semiology therefore aims to take in any system of signs, whatever their substance and limits; images, gestures, musical sounds, objects, and the complex associations of all these, which form the content of ritual, convention or public entertainment: these constitute, if not languages, at least systems of signification† (Barthes, 1964). Perhaps appropriate to the application of semiotic analysis to the field of advertising, philosopher Umberto Eco refers to it as â€Å"a discipline for studying everything which can be used in order to lie† (1976). Thus, it refers to language, image, color, shape, expression, placement and a number of other contextual clues that combine together in some unique way so as to convey a sense of meaning to a particular cultural group. To discuss these various elements, Barthes and other s have provided us with specific terms that help to keep things within an understandable framework. The primary elements that will be concentrated on in this study include signifiers, signified and sign. The sign is the compound element formed by the signifier and the signified. The signifier is

Sports and Enhancement Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sports and Enhancement Drugs - Essay Example The use of stimulants and performance enhancing drugs in sports gained momentum in the 1950s-60s. The full fledge use of performance-enhancing drugs was initiated by the Russian athletes who during the 1954 Olympics held in Australia gave a power packed performance outshining their competitors especially the Americans. This started a war of steroids as the Americans came up with their own steroid. Since then performance enhancing drugs especially steroids have become a regular feature in the world of sports. Stories about athletes and sportsperson using performance enhancing drugs often make headlines. For days print and TV media disclose events and incidents and finally confessions from sports person who failed the dope test. These prodigal sons and daughters of the soil are then labeled as â€Å"cheap cheats† and stripped of all the honors and medals they had earned for their country. People criticize the fallen idol for sometime and the sports world calls for stricter measu res to discourage the use of performance enhancing drugs but then everything hushes up until a new member is inducted in the Hall of Shame. Even though they bring so much disgrace, the use of performance enhancement drugs is on the rise among sports person. What are performance enhancing drugs? Do they really affect an athlete’s performance and why do athletes take the risk of using them when they bring nothing but pain in the end are some questions which will be answered in this thesis. Also should the use of performance enhancing drugs be legalized will be discussed here.The new century has given a new meaning to â€Å"sports†; earlier international sports were events where athletes from all over the world met and competed. There were humble winners and graceful losers and the ambience was friendly. The purpose of sports was to cultivate peace and understanding and acceptance of other cultures and values. An athlete was valued more for his sportsman spirit than recor ds he set. Today sports mean do or die. The advent of technology has helped the athletes improve their skills and techniques but has also killed the sportsman spirit. The attitude of the spectators has changed too; the winners are showered with praises and prizes while the losers are blamed and blasted both by the media and the public. After a defeat many heads including those of coaches roll; this extremity has made the coaches and athletes turn to desperate measures such as the use of performance enhancing drugs. Gone are the days when sports were all about sportsmanship and fair play when the team which performed well won the competition. Today every aspect of sports is measured in superlative and only the strongest, fastest and quickest players are the winners. To gain these qualities, the athletes turn to other means besides training and practice. One of the most common methods is the use of performance enhancing drugs. Generally performance enhancing drugs are defined as any s ubstance which when taken orally, injected or applied as cream boosts the endurance level, strength, power and speed in a body for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance (Hales 126). The use of these drugs is common all over the world and in the United States alone nearly one to three million people including twelve percent of young men and two percent of young women take performance enhancement drugs for various purposes

Postmodern in planning theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Postmodern in planning theory - Essay Example Examining the philosophies of town planning in regards to postmodernism then provide different insight into the approach which is taken to build and reconstruct a town with ideologies of the modern city. When looking at the concept of postmodernism, it can be seen that the identity of culture and society is the driving force of implementing new developments with cities. The philosophies of postmodernism are then defined by forces in society which are creating the changes and the new systems and pieces of architecture which are being set in urban developments. The concept of the postmodern is one which is identified as the celebration of difference and suspicion of the truth (Allmendinger, 25). Many consider it a paradox, specifically because it identifies art, creativity, culture and other facets of life in multidimensional respects. These dimensions are based on creating a definition of completeness to a given arena. This is combined with the idea of creating completeness from the sense of the modern, which is based on post – industrial methodologies of production as well as information as a driving force in society. The changes which society makes in relation to these dimensions then becomes the celebration of difference and the acceptance of diversity within a given area. These driving forces then create an understanding of the conditions of modern life, which is what becomes attributed to the making of the postmodern city (Allmendinger, 28). The concept of postmodernism and the main philosophies then become directly attributed to the building of a city, art, architecture and other applications within society. The main concept is to promote the same modern principles of what it means to be a contemporary city while creating a collage of social and cultural differences which can be celebrated. These are combined with various types of diversity and practices in the city, all which can be developed and

Research report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research report - Assignment Example It is my hope that this report will provide the department with the information needed to assess their own efforts on the US employment scenario. Please let me know if there is any question regarding this report or if there is any other information needed. I may be reached at (555) 211-2121 and by email at ABCD@USchamberofcommerce.com Enc. REPORTED US STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT 2012 Annual Report Prepared by Michael A Leven President and Chief Operating Officer Report distributed July 21, 2013 Prepared for US States Department for Labor ABSTRACT This report examines the pattern of growing US unemployment since the global recession started. There are two types of unemployment. This report identifies the structural unemployment problem and tries to help the government with the policies in right direction. Several Methods of way-outs are discussed here. Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Analysis of Reported US STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... Several Methods of way-outs are discussed here. The United States Chamber of Commerce is a lobbying group of America. It represents the interests of many trade associations and businesses. It is not a part of United States Government. The Chamber is populated with lawyers, lobbyists and policy specialists. Politically, this Chamber is usually considered as a  conservative organization. Introduction This report inspects the recent US trend of unemployment problem since the outset of global recession. It discusses about various factors that distinguish cyclic unemployment from structural unemployment. Usual government policies to eradicate the unemployment are not just sufficient to rub off the structural unemployment. Structural unemployment is often referred to as either skills or jobs mismatch. The workers face the consequence by either being on the wrong side of the job or end up having the wrong skills. The policies should be designed in such a way that people on the wrong side of the job and with wrong skills should be moved to right position. If unemployment is through lack of demand, then demand should be created through generating spending. Spending has real benefits in present or in the future. Be it wasteful or useful, any spending can generate employment. Larger government deficits either by tax cut or direct spending are the obvious ways to increase spending. Lowering of interest rates and reducing the value of dollars by Federal Reserve Board are the other alternatives to soar up the aggregate demand. Analysis of the US Structural Unemployment Structural unemployment comprises either skills or jobs mismatch. The workers face the consequence by either being on

News International - Phone Hacking Scandal Research Paper

News International - Phone Hacking Scandal - Research Paper Example The company is located in London city of the United Kingdom. It is the publisher of The Times, The Sun and The Sunday Times. The company has been regarded as being one of the world’s most successful in terms of share, growth, reader engagement, and circulation (â€Å"News International,† newsint.co.uk). Despite being among the world’s most successful news publishers, and the United Kingdom’s top news publisher, the company has faced a number of problems from time to time. The most recent and most serious one was the phone hacking scandal in July 2011that led to the closure of News of the World, which was one of the publications made by News International. News of the world, which was a British newspaper published by News International was accused of hacking into phones of celebrities and invading their voice mail accounts. According to Chisholm-Burns, Vaillancourt, and Shepherd, management is the skill of promoting people’s talents and providing the m with ways to enrich themselves and opportunities for growth in order to maximize productivity (23). Management is also concerned with distribution and employment of resources to perform tasks and attain objectives. During the first decades of the twentieth century, a number of achievements were made in the field of management. This was as a result of the development of the scientific management theory by Frederick Taylor, the administrative theory by Henry Fayol, and the theory of corporate social responsibility by Milton Friedman. The major representative of scientific management is Frederick Taylor. According to Bagad, scientific management is a concept within that stresses on the application of scientific methods in work in order to be able to study and evaluate workers (6). Scientific management takes a classical management approach. Scientific management has four basic elements which include determining the one best way to do each job, selecting the best persons for each job, training the best persons for each job in the one best way to do the job, and use of monetary incentives to encourage a proper days work for a proper day’s pay. The whole approach by Taylor was essentially based on scientifically learning and weighing the labor involved in doing each job, and then choosing the only best way to accomplish the complete number of processes. Frederick Taylor determined the principles explaining how work in a company could be done. Bagad points out that â€Å"according to Taylor, once these principles were defined, all the workers could be trained to do the work â€Å"the one best way†, rather than relying on their own various rules of thumb† (8). Taylor came up with a method called time and motion study and in his scientific management theory; he made it clear that there is quite a difference in carrying out tasks, recruiting and training workers, and establishing incentives systems. Therefore, workers have the responsibility of do ing work, while the management has the responsibility of planning for recruitment, training and developing incentive systems. The modern management theory was developed by Henry Fayol. He came up with six distinct industrial and business activities and their respective functions. These activities were technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting, and administrative or managerial

Research report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research report - Assignment Example It is my hope that this report will provide the department with the information needed to assess their own efforts on the US employment scenario. Please let me know if there is any question regarding this report or if there is any other information needed. I may be reached at (555) 211-2121 and by email at ABCD@USchamberofcommerce.com Enc. REPORTED US STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT 2012 Annual Report Prepared by Michael A Leven President and Chief Operating Officer Report distributed July 21, 2013 Prepared for US States Department for Labor ABSTRACT This report examines the pattern of growing US unemployment since the global recession started. There are two types of unemployment. This report identifies the structural unemployment problem and tries to help the government with the policies in right direction. Several Methods of way-outs are discussed here. Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Analysis of Reported US STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ... Several Methods of way-outs are discussed here. The United States Chamber of Commerce is a lobbying group of America. It represents the interests of many trade associations and businesses. It is not a part of United States Government. The Chamber is populated with lawyers, lobbyists and policy specialists. Politically, this Chamber is usually considered as a  conservative organization. Introduction This report inspects the recent US trend of unemployment problem since the outset of global recession. It discusses about various factors that distinguish cyclic unemployment from structural unemployment. Usual government policies to eradicate the unemployment are not just sufficient to rub off the structural unemployment. Structural unemployment is often referred to as either skills or jobs mismatch. The workers face the consequence by either being on the wrong side of the job or end up having the wrong skills. The policies should be designed in such a way that people on the wrong side of the job and with wrong skills should be moved to right position. If unemployment is through lack of demand, then demand should be created through generating spending. Spending has real benefits in present or in the future. Be it wasteful or useful, any spending can generate employment. Larger government deficits either by tax cut or direct spending are the obvious ways to increase spending. Lowering of interest rates and reducing the value of dollars by Federal Reserve Board are the other alternatives to soar up the aggregate demand. Analysis of the US Structural Unemployment Structural unemployment comprises either skills or jobs mismatch. The workers face the consequence by either being on

Westward Hilton Capabilities of Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Westward Hilton Capabilities of Building - Essay Example Peter Green brought organizational value changed the westward hotel in a positive way. He employed his vision of exemplifying the morals and attitude of the people. He later improvised Hiller’s vision of improving people’s way of living through commerce by changing the westward hotel into enjoyable and friendly working surroundings that stimulate employee commitment to the business and its dream. This created a good rapport between the staff and the administration and also between the staff and the clients.In Westward Hilton, Green worked hard to ensure that the hotel employees would strive to build the hotel into something it wanted to be instead of working to be something it was not Green was looking at all of the strong and unique qualities of the Westward Hilton and working to create a competitive advantage. A competitive advantage exists when a firm has a long-lasting business advantage compared to rival firms that are a significant edge over the competition. Green applied his knowledge of understanding that for any business to prosper it must do something that its rivals cannot do, or they have something that the competition lacks.The employees are able to interact with the guests and make them feel it is a place to visit. After all, relationships go hand in hand with retaining customers in the hotel. Green was influential in seeking to start market subdivision so that the wants of each customer are met in their most exclusive way ant to realize the desired level of fulfillment for the customer., Kusluvan, S 2003, . Green more so employed the regular training to his employees in order to cope with the daily disputes that appear in the firm. Peter Green also rewarded the staff as a way of appreciating them where credit was due, this could motivate the employees as the working conditions were friendly.

Family and Doctor Essay Example for Free

Family and Doctor Essay Before I go with the topic to express â€Å"Why I want to be a part of Yashoda’s Young Doctor’s Camp†. I like to tell a small incident that had changed my goal and the way I really got admired. The incident took place when I was studying in class 6. I was suffering with high fever, and then usually my parents took me to the nearby doctor. This was the time when my brain was concentrating seriously, I observed that all the patients were keen to meet the doctor and express their disarray. They relied on the doctor totally which was easily understood by their smiling faces after consulting the doctor. They also believed that he was the only one who can cure their disarray. This made me to think that the profession of a doctor has a high position in the society and he is the one who will be trusted forever. Then I have decided to have my goal to become a doctor. I started to work hard from that moment towards my goal. Even I used to have a feeling in my mind that I can really do my best to prove myself. From then I started to work hard in the field of science . This showed me immense results . I was able to maintain a huge patience in my all works. And even I started to analyze what should be maintained to have a good health. Being a doctor is really tough and it will need huge patience and hard work. I want to relate to another incident that took place in my life when I was 2 years old. Don’t be shocked that how I can remember what happened when I was two years old it is not magic, but my father revealed it to me. I used to live with my grandparents those days. I was suffering with heavy motions those days. My grandfather was cautious about the viral infections and took me to the hospital for treatment. The doctor gave me a medicine named with ‘G’. My grandpa gave the prescription to the pharmaceutical shop person. H e gave the medicine to my grandpa and it was given to me. But, the results after using the medicine were different; my disarray was not cured for even after some days. This made my grandpa to check the medicine he found that a single letter ‘I’ was misplaced with a letter ‘r’. This incident when my father was saying I was amazed to know that a single letter plays a vital role. I learnt that a doctor should be always aware about his actions and I started to think before once before I do anything. This will make me to take good decisions. But I think this will not be the trait of the real doctor’s as they are really very much experienced in their profession. This made me also realize that to become a good doctor we should be experienced in the profession. So I think by now you might have made a picture what kind of girl I am. I possess patience, I believe in truth; I will take the responsibility for my action’s and I will believe in the word â€Å"trust†. And I believe that being a doctor is like giving a commitment to serve for the society. So, before I go on with expressing my curriculum performance, I have to say a few lines on Yashoda Hospitals. They were really awesome and the doctor’s are really friendly and caring. You can ask me how I can say this feedback. I have an original experience with Yashoda hospitals. W hen my uncle had an accident in the industry almost his hand fingers were crashed. When we immediately rushed to the nearby hospitals they said that the whole hand should be removed. The pain felt by my aunt when she heard this was still in my heart. Then my father had a thought with him to take to the Yashoda hospital will be a good way. Only a single second after his words, we rushed to the Yashoda hospital. We observed that the crews of Yashoda Hospital were really caring towards the patients. Then we met the doctor and he said that no problem to the hand it will be cured with an operation. This stunned me that there are different kinds of treatments going on. And this even made me clear that Yashoda hospital doctors are the ones with immense character and also they believe in the proper treatment. And I forgot to mention that I take care of the animals suffering with hunger as instructed by my biology teacher to take care of the poor ones by giving them food. This was one of the reasons why I rushed to my teacher when she said I am eligible for a camp with Yashoda hospital doctors. And then coming to my curriculum I am good at Physics, Chemistry and Biology. I even do my bit good to get higher grade in maths. Coming to the languages I know I can speak in Telugu, English and a bit of Hindi. I am helpful and friendly with my friends. I will respect the elders. And I am always ready to learn anything. I have high confidence in myself. I will concentrate in my studies to show good performance through my higher grades. I even take almost everything serious except a fight with my sister. I will read books a lot. I will usually gather good science facts and the collection of things which I felt amazed will be with me always. I don’t get irritated fast. I will even take good exercise and balanced diet to keep my body fit. I will also gather the up to date information about the new techniques in the treatment of patients. I am lso a bit patriotic because I feel that doing something to the mother land is really a great job. This was one of the main reason why I chose to be a doctor because I can serve my country. I believe in the principles of Abdul kalam and Mother Teresa. I would also state one of the main aspects of mine which my mom says wrong, but I feel it is right; the query is that I usually work hard by sitting to study at least for 5 hours a day. But my mom says you should study even hard, but I believe in studying with concentration and practical experiences rather sitting like a book worm. I believe the fact that if you love your work you will excel in it. I think these are the qualities I posses and it is up to you whether you select me. I want to experience originally how a doctor behaves and correct myself if am doing a mistake now itself so that I can excel in my profession better in the next coming years. I believe that these are the traits that are of a doctor. If I missed anything, I will learn it through Yashoda hospital doctors in the camp. I hope that I will get selected for this camp, and I believe that one day I will surely be a good doctor.

Analysis of Indias Young Population

Analysis of Indias Young Population Abstract- India has the largest youth population in the world. Any policies or decisions taken for the population at large and youth in particular, cannot ignore to understand various attributes related to youth. The current research paper is an attempt to know and understand the preferences of youth with regards to various attributes related to their day-to-day habits, beliefs, ethos, preferences and career aspirations. Various observations suggested that young people generally knew how to access internet; spend most of their time on mobiles; could read, write and understand English but could not speak it confidently; were dependent upon parents for financial resources; wanted to pursue a career with reputation; and felt that the time-management was the biggest challenge. They also gave their opinions regarding their beliefs about themselves and the societal norms. Analysis like these can help the marketers and policy makers in designing and implementing policies and strategies targ eted at youth segment. Key words Youth, preferences, beliefs, attributes, ethos, India The demography of India in the contemporary times is historically placed in a way that could lead India towards becoming a superpower. India is the second most populated country in the world after China. According to a UN report cited in The Hindu (2014) India had the largest youth population in the world with 28% of the population belonging to the age group of 10-24 years’ old. About 356 million people belonged to this age-group in India. If this segment of the population developed into a productive human resource then there would be a surge in the economic growth. They would earn and spend more and thereby participate in the economic growth through contributions in production and consumption. This would further lead to an increased GDP for a long period of time till this segment of the population retired from the workforce. For a country that can enjoy such a demographic dividend for about four decades, it surely holds promises for future economic growth and development. It is thus very important to understand the preferences of youth so that the efforts by policy makers, sociologists, anthropologists, economists, and businessmen amongst others were put in the correct direction. Their participation in production and consumption would be greatly influenced by their preferences and beliefs. Hence the objective of this paper was to understand the habits, preferences, beliefs, ethos, etc. of the youth and thereby gain a fair idea regarding selected attributes. METHODOLOGY A primary data collection was done for this exploratory research. Sample size was 100 youth. But 96 responses were analyzed since four were incomplete for certain responses. All the respondents belonged to the age group of 18-24 years and included 54 females and 42 males. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire based on informal discussions and a testing of a draft questionnaire through a preliminary survey. The questionnaire was further revised to incorporate the changes based on the observations and suggestions from the preliminary survey. Respondents were given the liberty to choose more than one options in certain questions. Frequencies have been cited for various attributes. The research area was Adipur city of Kachchh district, which is also called an education center due to the presence of about 15 institutions of higher learning in the vicinity. Attributes included were related to habits, preferences, beliefs, ethos, opinions about self and the societal norms, etc. Limitations of the research include those related to the sample size and number of attributes that could be incorporated. It was restricted to one geographical area only. Further research can be conducted to include more attitudes and people from larger geographical area. The attributes to be analyzed can also be increased. Certainly such researches are specific to a particular targeted segment and cannot be generalized for larger or different areas. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS The respondents were asked how they spent most of their leisure time. About 89 preferred enjoying with their handsets through various activities like chats, playing games, browsing internet and listening to music. About 44 preferred freaking out with friends, 38 preferred watching television, 26 performed household chores, 18 preferred spending time in their own offices or shops, 12 preferred self-grooming related activities and about 19 were involved in various forms of exercises. About 76 respondents accessed internet almost on a daily basis through phones, laptops or personal computers whereas 12 respondents accessed internet with a frequency of about once a week and about 8 accessed with a frequency of about once a month or not at all. 70 respondents used at least one social networking site, whereas 26 did not. The purpose of accessing internet was bifurcated as: for social purposes 52, 69 for academic purposes and 78 for entertainment. 74 students knew and used handset texting languages and about 13 students rarely used the texting language and a 9 were unaware. 68 respondents said that they read a newspaper regularly out of which 44 read English newspapers and 24 read vernacular language newspaper i.e. Gujarati dailies. 37 respondents suggested that they routinely accessed knowledge resources either in the form of books, magazines, or browsing through various knowledge associated websites. 84 students said that they understood English language, but 48 wer e confident that they can read and write correct English and 27 were confident of speaking correct English. About 34 said that they feared to communicate with anyone in English and included 11 respondents who suggested that they were able to speak correct English. About 7 respondents received a fixed pocket money from their parents, to sponsor their leisure costs whereas about 68 suggested that they got the financial support from their parents as and when required. 25 were employed and so were self-dependent for most of their own financial needs except education. About 5 boys and 3 girls even supported family financially. The self-dependents largely earned either from their own shops after academic hours, doing jobs and others provided coaching to younger students. Financial resources were used in the costs associated with handset and other electronic gadgets, self-grooming inclusive of purchases of garments and cosmetics, freaking out with friends for movies or restaurants, costs related to education like fees, books, coaching classes’ charges, stationery, etc. Educational expenses were incurred by parents in case of 84 respondents. Respondents’ discussion amongst themselves largely focused on handset features, social discussions related to family and friends, fashion and appearance, movies and soap-operas, amongst others. 48 respondents were hopeful about the bright future of the country while 34 felt that the challenges were difficult to overcome and the rest were not sure. With regards to their career options 38 respondents wanted to pursue a career that had reputation as the prime-most attribute, 12 wanted a career with an easy life, 32 wanted a career that was financially lucrative, and 18 respondents wanted to pursue a career that could make them powerful / influential. When inquired for the challenges that they faced in pursuing their ambitions / aspirations, time-management was a common challenge for 68 respondents, lack of focus for 48, lack of self-commitment for 39, financial constraints for 27 and geographical immobility for 42. To understand what the youth felt about themselves and certain societal norms they were asked to give their opinions with regards to certain sentences with responses like disagree, neutral or agree. All the responses have not been quoted. Only those responses that had strong opinions were cited. 48 students agreed that they believed in hard work. 83 agreed that they obeyed the suggestions made by the parents. 75 agreed that they wanted to learn from their own mistakes. 74 agreed that youth had the power to change the society. 20 agreed that they believed in achieving results no matter how, 29 were neutral and 47 disagreed. 42 agreed that they knew their strengths and weaknesses while 17 were neutral and 37 disagreed. 50 respondents agreed that they believed in living ethically, honestly and truthfully while 14 were neutral. Some of the respondents who were neutral also suggested that ethics were subjective and differed from person to person, place to place and situation to situation. 70 agreed that they accomplished everything for their family. 41 students agreed that for them their friend’s opinions were the most influential but 29 were neutral and 26 disagreed. 77 agreed that working in a team produced best results. 43 agreed that they did not care what society thou ght / believed but 24 respondents were neutral and 29 disagreed and suggested that they were concerned about what society thought. 74 agreed that they took decisions only after a careful thinking while 16 were neutral. 49 agreed that they were cool, 26 were neutral and 21 did not agree that they were cool. The students who disagreed felt that it was neither important to look cool since they did not care or they felt that there were far more important things to do than putting efforts in looking cool. 53 liked bright and vibrant colors, 23 were neutral and 20 disliked. 69 respondents agreed that they liked adventurous activities, while 18 were neutral. 55 agreed that they liked to earn more and spend more, while 19 were neutral 22 felt that it was equally important to save what was earned. 68 agreed that they respected traditions but that it was not a burden for them while 12 were neutral while 20 felt the burden of maintaining traditions. 37 agreed that they liked to show off their talent, 16 were neutral and 43 disagreed and suggested that they did not like to show off their talent.

Animal Testing Essay -- Animal Testing

ISSUE: For the most part, we would not be able to live very comfortably without them. The question of what is considered proper treatment of animals has been highly debated by groups looking at both the moral and ethical issues of the situation. What exactly is our proper role with regard to non-human creatures? Do they have any rights, or may we do as we please with them? These are questions that politicians all over the world have been arguing about for many years, and still is as controversial as ever! PROBLEM: How can animal testing benefit both animals and humans without harming the animals? BACKGROUND: For thousands of years, humans have used animals for a variety of purposes including food, clothing, labor, means of transportation, hunting, medicine, and companionship. However, many personal beauty products, such as lipstick, face cream, anti-perspirant, and laundry detergent all have one major characteristic in common: the suffering and death of millions of animals (Dickinson 13). Canada has no legislation to protect laboratory animals from any form of mistreatment, abuse, or neglect. Great Britain has nothing in the way of constitutional ethical treatment of laboratory animals. In the United States, the U.S. Welfare Animal Act (passed in 1966 and later amended in 1970 and 1976) charges the U.S. Department of Agriculture with overseeing the humane handling and housing of animals in laboratories, pet dealerships, and exhibitions. While the law covers lab animals (such as rabbits, mice, dogs, and monkeys) it does not state that the animals are to be cared for or to be t reated for injuries received from experiments, nor does it state that animals in laboratories can be used for only a limited number of experiments with the least possible suffering and distress (Dickinson 15). In effect then, there is no protection given to lab animals. On average, 25 million animals die every year in North America for the testing of everything from new cosmetics to new methods of warfare. Five hundred thousand to one million of these animals are sacrificed each year to test new cosmetics alone (Dickinson 13). There are many kinds of tests performed on animals. One kind is the Acute Toxicity Test, which requires between 60 and 100 animals to determine what constitutes a lethal dose of a particular substance. The test spans a time period from two weeks to seven years,... ...ly limit their options. They have used animals for so long, their tests will most likely have to be changed. Changing the procedures of these tests could be extremely costly and time consuming. OPTION B: Requiring pet owners to spay or neuter their pets. ADVANTAGES: This is a very effective way to limit the number of animals used in testing. Many of these animals tested are often strays and have had no owner. If pet owners were required to â€Å"fix† their pets, it would really help in controlling the nation-wide pet population. There would be fewer unwanted animals roaming the streets in search for a mate; resulting in fewer unwanted pregnancies. Consequently, scientists would have a limited number of animals to work with. DISADVANTAGES: Breeders and pet-store owners would be in a bad position. This would mean that they would either have to go through tedious amounts of paper work in order to own animals that could still reproduce, or they would have to find a new career! For many people, taking care of animals has been a very big part of their life. Some have come to see it as more of a hobby than a job. For others, it may be the only thing that still brings joy into their lives!

Economic Impact of Natural Disasters Essay

Natural disasters are catastrophes hauled by the nature on man. They may bring about large scale destruction depending on the type of natural disaster. Natural disasters include a range of hazards which may cause widespread devastation and human and animal casualties. They range from floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, cyclones, tornadoes, tsunamis, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, famine, heat wave and droughts etc. Natural disasters in the past were mostly unpredictable however, with the advancement of science and technology numerous authentic ways of previously detecting the possibility of natural disasters have developed. Nevertheless, even with the invention of modern scientific ways and pre-disaster preparations, human societies are not completely safe from the terrible outcomes of the disasters. The calamities bring with them huge destructions to land, property, human lives and the economy of region concerned. Natural Disasters are not only destructive for the land, people and buildings; they are also at times economically crippling. â€Å"Natural disasters affect people and their livelihoods or their ability to earn a living and support their families. Ultimately, then, severe natural disasters not only destroy people and property, they also affect the economy of the affected region. † (Stoltman, Lidstone and Dichano p. 297) Disasters heavy burden on the economy of the government since it has to make huge monetary expenditures on the recovery of the catastrophe-stricken area and rehabilitation of the victimized population. â€Å"These actions may lead to the postponement of or abandonment of planned investments, reductions in the provisions of public services and deferment of wage and salary increases and of staff appointments. † (Benson and Clay p. 29) This may mean huge losses will be incurred to the economy from this aspect as well in the long run. It is also believed that since in modern times the possible occurrence of a disaster can be predicted, the government has to take safety steps which also incur huge costs; though these safety measures may not even be able to fully protect the area from destruction, which is true in most cases. Hence the cost spent of safety measures is also nearly lost. In the United States natural disasters have been quite frequent and the governments during different times have been able to cope with the economic stress brought about by the calamities. However, sometimes exceptions did exist especially in the past when the technology was not as developed as it is today and the pace with which the rehabilitation should occur was not as fast as in today’s advanced society. America has faced all kinds of disasters from floods, hurricanes, cyclones, volcanic eruptions to heat waves, blizzards and tsunami. Hurricanes and cyclones have been more frequent in some areas prone to such type of disasters. North America especially the United States has generally been successful in holding down the death tolls even in very destructive incidents. (Stoltman, Lidstone and Dechano p. 323) Some natural disasters which occurred in the United States are being discussed from the point of view of the economic destruction they brought. Super Outbreak The largest and the worst known and recorded outbreak of a series of tornadoes over a period of 24 hour in nearly thirteen states of USA took place on 3rd and 4th of April, 1974 and are known as the super outbreak. It is believed by some to the â€Å"worst out break of the 20th century†. (Super Outbreak NOAA) 148 confirmed tornadoes caused widespread damage and destruction in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, and New York. It extensively damaged approximately 900 square miles (1,440 square kilometers) along a total combined path length of 2,600 miles (4,160 km). (Super Outbreak Wikipedia). Reported to have begun around the afternoon and continued for a huge duration of 18 hours, the super outbreak lead to large number of casualties, injured and great loss to the buildings and revenue. According to the statistics caused 315 to 330 people’s deaths altogether in all the affected states, 5,484 victims were injured and 27, 590 families suffered the losses of the disaster. Overall estimated damage ranges from $3. 5 billion to $6. 0 billion according to varying sources. (Statistics taken from â€Å"Super Outbreak† Wikipedia and NOAA). Most of the losses incurred were due to the property damage, damage to basic facilities of life like roads, rail tracks which form the means of communication to other areas were severely affected. Tornadoes incurred maximum damage in areas where their intensity was at their peak. â€Å"Hanover was 90% damaged and destroyed. † (Super Outbreak Wikipedia)The task of rehabilitating the areas was not a small one; in fact it spread over 13 US states and a heavy burden was on the government. The estimated cost of the damage to the Hanover College alone was about $10 million. (Super Outbreak Wikipedia) Estimated damage to about 11 schools amounted to $7, 705, 000 in total with some schools not being included in the list. (Super Outbreak NOAA) Rebuilding huge structures is a humungous task. The recovery of all the basic facilities of life like availability of food, water and shelter and means of communication along with the availability of electricity; all had to be provided efficiently and effectively to all the victims of the disaster. In addition the medical costs of those injured had to be met by the government. Measures had to be taken to prevent disease epidemics from erupting in areas facing sanitation problems. These costs were those which had to be used in investments and on other progressive developmental projects, however, due to the disaster a huge amount was now spent on rehabilitation and recovery of victims of the super outbreak. This did not put a temporary burden on the government’s economy but actually affected all those possible ways of economic progress which were being sought through future investment plans. Louisiana Flood 8th May, 1995 â€Å"The United States has a long history of attempting to deal with hazards beginning with floods and focus has been on mitigation. † After experimenting with dams, levees also became discredited after the expenditure of $200 million in 1927. â€Å"That year a massive flood left 250 dead and 700,000 temporarily homeless. † (Stoltman, Lidstone and Dechano p. 326) This proved that no matter what preventive measures may be taken, the losses incurred by the natural disasters (may they be losses of life or economic losses) cannot be fully prevented. Another huge disaster experienced in the history of natural disasters in the USA was the Louisiana flood of 1995. The flooding was actually on set by excessive continued raining from 7th till 8th of May, 1995. Cities like Jefferson Parish and Orleans Parish, including the cities of New Orleans, Metairie, Kenner, River Ridge, Harahan, Slidell, and Covington etc. All these areas were severely affected and experienced huge losses due to the flood. Six people died as a result of the flooding. The city of New Orleans suffered $360 million in damages, and the damage of the surrounding areas put that total above $1 billion. Some 56,000 homes were damaged in 12 Parishes. Thousands of cars were flooded. 14,600 homes and apartments were flooded in Jefferson Parish. The cause of the massive rain fall totals was a stalled out frontal system from the northwest. It produced a train effect, in which rain and/or thunderstorms continued to form over the same area. Pumping stations were overwhelmed and could not pump out the water into Lake Pontchartrain. The pumping stations are only rated to pump one inch per hour maximum. (May 8th 1995 Louisiana Flood Wikipedia) In addition to meeting the huge costs of restoration of normal living standards, the government was also concerned to take steps to prevent such disastrous conditions as much as possible in the future. The countries economy was once again weighed down by the responsibility of taking prospective and effective safety measures. Such catastrophic rainfall floods were planned to be prevented by building high costing much more effective pumps to remove the rain water before build up develops. 1994 Northridge Earthquake The Northridge earthquake occurring on the January 17th 1994 caused large scale devastation and a lot of economic damage as compared to its relatively low intensity of 6. 7 on the Richter scale and low duration. â€Å"Yet in terms of financial losses Northridge is one of the worst disasters in US history. 57 people were killed and 72 deaths were attributed to the earthquake. 11,800 people received hospital treatment for injuries and 22,000 people were left homeless. † (Petak and Elahi Northridge earthquake USA) Direct losses, like damages to residential and commercial buildings, roads and bridges, means of telecommunication, agriculture and lifelines (like water supply and sewerage lines were damaged) etc altogether amounted to $41. 8 billion. Infrastructural losses like water, gas and power demanded immediate action just as the rescue and recovery of those trapped. Basic necessities of life had to be provided without delay just as immediate medical treatment was essential for the injured. â€Å"Life line damage was estimated $ 2 billion but later was found to have exceeded. † (Petak and Elahi Northridge earthquake USA) Damage to schools was also costly and the cost was approximately $100 million. (Petak and Elahi Northridge earthquake USA) It was a sorry state of affairs that the hospitals were also damaged nearly 31 in number and 9 were forced to evacuate. (Petak and Elahi Northridge earthquake USA) This caused serious problems since the injured had to be dealt with in the hospitals and the transportation systems were damaged to take them to nearby safer areas for the purpose of treatment. However the airports were relatively less damaged or almost not damaged at all. The earthquake wreaked havoc on numerous massive buildings including centers of trade and commerce and shopping plazas, bridges and roads. The destruction of roads and bridges lead to serious complications and further economic loss. Lack of transportation caused various business dealings to be delayed, the damage to office buildings also acted as an aggravating factor in this situation and incurring indirect financial loss. â€Å"The area’s largest shopping center, the Northridge Fashion Center was virtually destroyed and did not open for more than a year and a half. † (Petak and Elahi Northridge earthquake USA) Business loss literally affected the country’s economy which was already dealing with the blow the earthquake had given to it. The overall business losses were estimated to be $15. 2 billion. However, the situations were quickly dealt with which meant that supply was meeting the demand. The area took some time before it was fully restored despite the fact that the recovery process and the aid being provided were both quick and effective. Hurricane Katrina In terms of material as well as economic destruction, Hurricane Katrina, occurring on the 23rd of August, 2005, was one of the worst natural disasters to have affected the US in most recent times. Failure of levee system in New Orleans and Louisiana lead to great loss of life and property. This was greatly criticized since modern day technology demands much more effective measures to be taken by the government in preventing huge catastrophes like hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina has managed to shatter the economy for good. It has caused huge damages to the oil and gas production causing major damage to many oil platforms and leading to the shut down of refineries. â€Å"The total shut-in oil production from the Gulf of Mexico in the six-month period following Katrina was approximately 24% of the annual production and the shut-in gas production for the same period was about 18%. † (Hurricane Katrina Wikipedia)This is a sorry state of affairs since the damage to done to other business market, business dealings and buildings, is apart from this damage to the oil and gas industry. Along with the destruction of various job opportunities the forest industry was also affected. People were not only left homeless but also unemployed and the country’s constant gain through income tax from these previously employed also halted because of the loss of their jobs. Families were left without a means of livelihood and problems of poverty were becoming increasingly significant. â€Å"It is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion† (Hurricane Katrina Wikipedia) It is a natural phenomenon that loss of employment opportunities and unavailability of basic needs of the people causes them to move places in search of better opportunities in all fields of life. This has a negative effect not only on the areas which are left, because their chances of future progress become dim, but also of those areas which are over burdened by the influx of people. These areas come under economic pressure because now they have to provide jobs, residential areas and food for more people on the same available resources. This holds very true especially in the case of victims and survivors of Hurricane Katrina. The economic lows in their region forced them to migrate to other regions or states which also suffered a set back when burdened by an extra population to be supported. Conclusion Analysis of the US attitude towards natural disasters has shown that US governments have been active and keen on preventing as well as providing immediate remedies to the disaster stricken people. However, the preventive measures like levee system have not been cost effective. They have not proved to be good in preventing huge damages. Amount spent on these preventive measures is wasted once the disaster strikes. On the other hand, effective and efficient help is provided for the recovery of the victims and the destructed area but the economic blow is very strong. In many areas the fast rehabilitation system is not enough though and migration of people to other states causes burden on those states. The economic damage due post-disaster era is caused due to direct and indirect causes. The direct causes include destruction of buildings especially corporate and residential ones and providence of basic facilities of life to the victims and injured and indirect damage is incurred by mainly destructed transportations, repair, rehabilitation and rechecking of newly built structures for safety. â€Å"Disasters can cause government revenues to fall since lower levels of economic activity including possible net declines in imports and exports imply reduced direct and indirect tax revenues. † (Benson and Clay p. 29) Hence, modern day technology demands our government to take better and more reliable preventive measures to avoid huge damages from disasters which can prove to be long term economic set backs. Works Cited Benson, Charlotte and Clay, Edward J. Understanding the Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters. 2004. World Bank Publications â€Å"Hurricane Katrina. † Wikipedia. 26 April 2008. Petak, William J and Elahi, Shirin. â€Å"The Northridge Earthquake USA and its Economic and Social Impacts. † 26 April 2008 Stoltman, Joseph P. Lidstone, John and Dechano Lisa M. International Perspectives on Natural Disasters. 2005. Springer Publishers. â€Å"Super Outbreak†. NOAA’S National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. Northern Indiana. 26 April 2008. â€Å"Super Outbreak† Wikipedia. 26 April 2008.

Population Health Knowledge And Principles Health And Social Care Essay

Health and Illness from a Population Health PerspectiveNowadays pull offing wellness and unwellness of a state people had become a cardinal precedence of state governments as with this they may face terrible negative heath results. Every state and its officials are concentrating on the direction of their population wellness as it has become critical for achieving long-run being ( Sheffield, 2008 ) . A state ‘s population wellness position pertains to the wellness results of a group of persons, acknowledging the division of such results within the group. Population wellness position is a important attack to wellness that directs to progress the wellness of whole population. From a population wellness position, wellness can be defined a province that is free from disease every bit good as the ability and capacity of persons to accommodate to, respond to, or pull off life ‘s inquirings and changes ( A Population Health Approach, 1999 ) . On the other, from a population wellness perspective unwellness can be defined as a province of hapless wellness of group of persons. As good, it may besides specify as an inability of group of persons to accommodate to, react to and form life ‘s challenges and alterations due to their wellness jobs. In modern epoch jobs related to persons ‘ wellness are increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and due to this concern towards population wellness has attained significant growing.Social and Structural Determinants of HealthEvery state ‘s functionaries are seeking to keep their population wellness but it is non every bit easy as it seems. All of us have important population wellness cognition and rules but non able to use it in world ( Novick, 2007 ) . For its successful executing it is indispensable to understand the relationships between behavior and wellness results. By understanding this, one can easy develop preventative schemes and rules to forestall unwellness and advancing single and community wellness ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Using population wellness cognition and rules will go easy if person well understand the societal and structural determiners of wellness ( Turnock, 2008 ) . This could besides be understood with an illustration of population wellness job that is increasing fleshiness. This population wellness job is increasing in about every portion of the universe that needs to be resolved in an effectual mode. The job of fleshiness is increasing in about all high- and low-income states. To curtail and eventually invert the addition in obesity-preponderance rates, all inclusive population wellness based attacks and schemes are required ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . As good, for this it is besides indispensable to understand the societal and structural determiners of wellness so that with that this job of fleshiness can be resolved ( A Population Health Approach, 1999 ) . Designation of wellness determiners is indispensable to develop bar schemes. The cardinal determiners of persons and populations ‘ wellness are the conditions, in which people are born, develop, unrecorded and work. These conditions are so influenced by the societal and economic environment ( Khoury, 2010 ) . All these facets together become a significant cause of disease and agony. Similar is the instance with fleshiness that is besides the consequence of several determiners ( Dean & A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . These wellness determiners can be classified in two important groups that are as follows: Social Determinants Structural Determinants Understanding the multilevel and overlapping nature of present epidemics every bit good as their societal and structural determiners, is significant in the design and executing of more effectual bar plans for commanding increasing fleshiness jobs. Equally good, it is besides the consequence of individual-level determiners that may include bad behaviors such as unhygienic eating wonts and eating more and more debris nutrients ( Novick, 2007 ) . All these patterns of persons are chief drivers of fleshiness. The forms and distribution of these movable diseases in the population are later affected by a vivacious interplay among the preponderance of the morbific agent, the effectiveness of prophylactic and control interjections ( Dean & A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . As good, it is besides affected with a scope of societal and structural environmental factors. Structural determiners of wellness include those physical, economic, societal, organisational, cultural, community, legal, or policy related facets of the environment that obstruct or aid efforts to debar disease spreading ( Semenza & A ; Giesecke, 2008 ) . On the other manus, societal determiners of wellness include the economic and societal conditions of a state that influence the wellness of people and communities ( Raphael, 2006 ) . As good, it besides include stipulations for early childhood development, acquisition, work, income and occupation security, wellness services, nutrient security, and entree to basic services like lodging, societal segregation, and stigma ( Dean & A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . By understanding the general societal and structural determiners of wellness one can easy develop effectual disease bar and control attempts for increasing job of fleshiness. The cognition and apprehension of diverse societal and structural determiners of increasing fleshiness will decidedly help in the development of its bar schemes ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . By developing bar strategies the jobs and diseases related to fleshiness can be controlled efficaciously.Relationship between Behaviour and Health OutcomesThe treatment of societal and structural determiners of wellness groundss that the increasing diseases and wellness results are due to some patterned behavior of persons and populations. Individual ‘s wonts are affected by societal determiners that in bend are affected by structural determiners ( Khoury, 2010 ) . This in bend consequences in terrible wellness results. By understanding these relationships between behaviors and wellness results one can develop effec tual population wellness bar schemes ( Tulchinsky & A ; Varavikova, 2009 ) . Individual hazard behaviors determine the opportunity of contact with other contaminated or morbific persons. Although, these behaviors do non take topographic point in a vacuity and it could be understood in concern to fleshiness ( Population based Public Health Practice, 2003 ) . For increasing fleshiness the built or physical environment are responsible that are increasing debris nutrient wonts among population all age groups. This environment is delighting persons to hold nutrient that is ready to eat and at just monetary value. All of us besides want to hold nutrient outside from place without understanding its negative effects on our wellness ( Dean & A ; Fenton, 2010 ) . Our ain behaviors are driven by increasing figure of fast nutrients and eating houses in each and every metropolis. Both of these determiners are increasing incorrect eating wonts among kids and childs that in bend are ensuing in fleshiness due to their inappropriate diet and consumption of tonss of fats. By understanding relationships among behaviors and wellness results different fleshiness bar schemes like structural and policy or legal can be developed easy ( Raphael, 2006 ) . All these different bar attacks can be implemented by alining with behavioral or medical interjections directed at persons. As good, with an nonsubjective to manage factors that affect single behavior in malice of directing their behavior ( Dean & A ; Fenton, 2010 ) .Application of Population Health Knowledge and Principles to Obesity PreventionWith the aid of population wellness cognition and its important determiners, it can be applied efficaciously in the development of diverse illness bar schemes, welln ess publicity and community capacity edifice. Development of a bar scheme is based on the factors due to which a disease or unwellness is increasing in population injuries ( Egger, Swinburn & A ; Rossner, 2003 ) . Designation of these factors is indispensable for forestalling a disease or unwellness every bit good as for advancing population wellness. The treatment of fleshiness and its societal and structural determiners provide a model through which preventative schemes against weight addition and fleshiness can be developed. Although there are several others diverse factors that are involved in the etiology of fleshiness and weight addition but the most significant factors are social and environmental ( Egger & A ; Swinburn, 1997 ) . These factors affect energy consumption and outgo that in bend is affected by familial and other biological factors like age, sex and hormonal activity on which there is small or no control ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . A state facing job of fleshiness can easy develop effectual bar schemes by concentrating on these rules: Social, political, cultural, structural and physical environment elements that together impact the weight position of population ( Bray & A ; Bouchard, 2004 ) . By developing processs and programmes to manage those persons and groups who are at high hazard of weight addition and fleshiness. Appropriate direction protocols ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . In add-on to the concentration on these above discussed facets, it is besides indispensable that fleshiness bar schemes are determined in a manner that should avoid precipitating and the development of eating upsets. In add-on to this for successful bar schemes it is indispensable to set about thorough analysis of different states fleshiness direction attacks ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . With this, it will go easy to place a coherent and comprehensive attack to pull off fleshiness and job of weight addition ( Eckel, 2003 ) . As good, it is besides believed that the attitude of wellness professionals towards fleshiness is non appropriate that can be made more effectual by supplying them developing and larning. For effectual declaration of increasing fleshiness job a high national committedness is required. This committedness should be a shared duty of consumers, authoritiess, nutrient industry & A ; trade and the media ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . Support from all these groups play a significant function in commanding fleshiness by advancing effectual alterations in present diet forms and mundane physical activity degrees ( Bray & A ; Bouchard, 2004 ) . By following all these rules one can easy develop effectual fleshiness bar schemes. Till now, fleshiness bar and fleshiness direction were seen as two different facets. Obesity bar was aimed at forestalling weight addition whereas fleshiness direction was aimed at weight loss. In present, these two are non different from each other as obesity direction includes all short-run and long-run schemes ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . These schemes vary from bar, weight continuation, and direction of fleshiness comorbidities to burden loss ( Eckel, 2003 ) . In present one can easy pull off job of weight addition and fleshiness by concentrating on following schemes: Prevention of weight addition Promotion of weight care Management of fleshiness comorbidities Promotion of weight loss ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . These schemes entirely can non be used until or unless degrees of preventative action are non determined. In instance of fleshiness job that is distributing all over the universe the preventative schemes need to be applied on these degrees of bar:Community Health Prevention:Through these bar programmes, schemes can be directed at the population or community. With this plan, the degree of fleshiness in the population can be stabilized efficaciously. These community based bar schemes can be introduced through different community plans related to population diet forms betterment, weight care and regular wellness check-ups. A state may follow diverse community-based intercessions in the way of bettering its population dietary forms and direction of associated hazard factors like BMI or serum cholesterin degrees ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . These plans may include big communities like more than 100 000 people and may be implemented for longer periods like for 10 old ages or more than 10 old ages. Several these sorts of intercessions are implemented in Europe and North America ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . Other states are besides implementing community based bar schemes but merely some of them have attained success. This is due to the deficiency of planned and comprehensive attack that is most indispensable for the success of long community based bar schemes. In present every states should develop specific community based bar schemes as with this lone it is possible to command diet forms of its population. If, a state functionaries will non take any introductory stairss in forestalling fleshiness its other governments and scene will besides non work in this way ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Working in this way is most indispensable in present epoch as the job of weight addition and fleshiness is increasing well and ensuing in several other related diseases.Selective Prevention:These bar steps can be directed at specific groups of population who are really at high hazard of increasing fleshiness. Selective bar schemes may be inducted through different scenes like schools, montages, community Centres, place environments, vicinities, workplaces, shopping mercantile establishments and primary attention ( World Health Organization, 2000 ) . With the aid of this preventative scheme one can easy progress the cognition and abilities of groups of peoples so that they can cover more efficaciously with the factors that may put them at important hazard of turning fleshiness. Schools, colleges and community Centres are portion of a natural scene that can be used to impact the nutrient and physical activity environments for kids and childs. By doing alterations in these educational institutes policy related to athleticss engagement and physical instruction clip the job of fleshiness among pupils and kids can be decreased significantly. As good, alterations related to active manners of conveyance to and from school will besides necessitate effectual policy. By making this the job of fleshiness can be managed at significant degree ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . In add-on to educational scenes, vicinities can besides be targeted for active diversion. Changes in the walking web that includes pathwaies and walking paths, the cycling web that includes roads and rhythm waies will ease diversion. Increase in the figure of informal and formal diversion infinites like Parkss, metropolis nines, athleticss evidences and diversion Centres ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Addition in the figure of these infinites and recreational Centres will better physical activity degree of persons that in bend will command their weight and overall job of fleshiness. Another specific country of population that can be targeted is home environment. It is the most of import scene in concern to changing kids ‘s feeding and physical activity behaviors. By developing good feeding wonts and physical activities among households the job of fleshiness can be resolved well ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Work environment is another topographic point through which feeding and physical wonts of persons can be improved. By developing effectual plans and advertisements, the eating wonts of a house ‘s employees can be improved. They may supply day-to-day column in their organisation magazine and newspapers that employees read daily every bit good as they can develop different postings and messages on their corporate site. All these attempts will decidedly convey alterations in employees ‘ eating wonts that in bend will command their weight addition and fleshiness related jobs ( Kopelman, 2001 ) .Environmental Prevention:The most recent fleshiness bar scheme emerged are environmental bar schemes. These schemes include obesity direction attacks related to environment. These schemes analyze the whole factors of environment in which single or group of persons live. It focuses on the direction of these different environmental factors so that the job of fleshiness and weight addition can be resolved efficaciously ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . These environmental schemes do non merely make to populations with hapless wellness results but it besides targets them differentially. These schemes include betterment of school nutrient programmes and active diversion and physical activity comfortss. Equally good as regular wellness check-ups and weight check-ups at authorities infirmaries and associations. With these schemes poorer countries wellness results can be improved well ( Fletcher & A ; Grundy, 1999 ) . This scheme can besides be directed with the alteration in physical environment for diversion, nutrient Torahs, local authorities conveyance policies, etc. This whole procedure will convey a significant alteration into a state ‘s system that is indispensable to command fleshiness and its associated diseases ( O'Dea, 2005 ) .Targeted Prevention:One of the other significant bar schemes that can be used to forestall weight addition and fleshiness is targeted bar. These schemes are directed at persons who are already over weight and those who are non over weight but devouring tonss of fats daily without sing its hereafter consequences ( World Health Orga nization, 2000 ) . With the aid of these schemes persons can be controlled in their weight addition. As good, it besides assists in diminishing the figure of people who develop fleshiness associated comorbidities ( Fletcher & A ; Grundy, 1999 ) . All these bar schemes offer a long-run attack to cover with the jobs of weight addition and fleshiness but it is non sufficient as there is besides a demand of diverse intercessions and bar schemes. Every state is required to develop influential and sustainable schemes in concern to burden care and fleshiness direction ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . As good, high investings in different media runs are critical along with systemic alterations. Nowadays media is the most influential tool for pull offing present terrible diseases through effectual messages and by exposing its injuries ( Egger, Swinburn & A ; Rossner, 2003 ) . For pull offing fleshiness related jobs it is besides indispensable to alter people societal attitudes along with important policy alterations. Food sector related policies requires significant alterations like: Changes in financial nutrient policies for diminishing demands of some debris nutrients. Constitution of nutrition information panels. Nutrition signposting programmes Development of diverse wellness and nutrition claims. Ad prohibitions on kids ‘s Television ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . In add-on to this, it is besides indispensable that the more general authorities policies that influence income distribution, employment, lodging and societal services adopt important alterations from clip to clip. All these facets are extremely influencive on people eating wonts. Everyone needs to follow a changed attack if wants to cover with fleshiness and salvage its state with future problems and terrible diseases ( Andersen, 2003 ) . The publicity of healthy feeding and physical activity guidelines and messages is besides indispensable to command increasing fleshiness problems. With the aid of different advanced mass-media runs and other communicating schemes public of state can be educated sing healthy eating wonts and physical activity degree. The USA runs like the ‘Healthy Eating Pyramid ‘ , the ‘5-a-day for better wellness ‘ and ‘National Cholesterol Education Program ‘ are rather good known and every bit good as effectual ( Swinburn & A ; Egger, 2002 ) . Effective media runs and publicities will hold a important impact on population cognition, attitudes, apprehension, and purpose. By following all the above discussed bar schemes and other policies the problem of fleshiness and weight addition can be handled efficaciously and expeditiously ( Andersen, 2003 ) .DecisionWith the aid of this elaborate treatment of population wellness cognition and rules, it can be said the job of fleshiness is increasing due to incorrect eating wonts of populations. By following effectual bar schemes on community and single degree this job can be resolved efficaciously. Understanding of societal and structural determiners is besides rather helpful in the development of effectual weight addition and fleshiness bar schemes ( Kopelman, 2001 ) . Management of this job is indispensable as otherwise it may direct persons to severe wellness jobs like diabetes. By using old population wellness cognition and principles the job of increasing fleshiness can be handl ed efficaciously.