SLP Time Warp 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SLP Time Warp 2 - Essay Example Utilizing the equation of the volume-cost-benefit, the CVP decides the connection between the three angles and subsequently helps in dynamic, and system improvement. One key advantage of using the CVP apparatus as an expository device is in its capacity to encourage creation of choices as relates the three items under examination, the X5, X6, and the X7. Further, its advantages incorporate the capacity of settling on choices for a specific year, not at its beginning, yet at the finish of the earlier year (Bivainiene, 2010). The usage of the CVP is differing and incorporates, however not restricted to the figuring of the purpose of breakeven, just as estimations of the potential costs of changed items that would return a pre-indicated overall revenue. The primary center of this venture is to have a superior exhibition when contrasted with that of Joe Schmoe, dictated by the net revenue created in the three items, X5, X6, and X7. The methodology to be embraced for this situation will, along these lines, be centered around expanded income improvement that outperforms the sum that the organization produced under the captainship of Joe Schmoe (Slotegraaf and Pauwels, 2008). Under Joe Schmoe, the measure of income produced for the years expanding 2012 - 2015 was $ 954, 830, 241. This key investigation wills in this way centers around the age of incomes as much as $ 1, 000, 000, 000. The way wherein this figure is planned to be accomplished is delineated in the table showed beneath. The exactness of this table is ensured since any figures have been shown up at after cautious examination of the Time Warp 1 and benefits achieved by Joe Schmoe. Benefit portion for $1, 000, 000, 000. Item X5: Having been in the market for a time of around 3 years, the formative stage for the item can be characterized as being among development and shakeout. The affectability of the items cost has the subsequent influence that to increment in the offer of the different units; a value decre ase may prove to be useful. This, fundamentally, is the methodology for development that we intend to actualize as concerns item X5. Subsequent to contributing such factors as the R and D, the cost, ands the sought benefit into a CVP mini-computer, we can unhesitatingly figure the connection between the focused on benefit and the business volume anticipated. A similar technique was rehashed in the year 2013. Be that as it may, the product offering was suspended since it is obvious that the benefit of the item X5 is constrained, owing to its achieving its development stage. This table is intelligent of the volume of deals required to accomplish the $ 1 million regarding benefits, expecting that the item X5 is sold at $ 245, with a 30% R and D, yielding an all out estimation of around 1, 676, 190 units. This figure is shown up at by an estimation of the combined income as a factor of the unit cost. Then again, this computation can be made by means of the entirety of the fixed expenses as a proportion of benefits, determined by their commitment edge in every unit. Item X6 The item X6, one of the items in the tablet improvement, brags of a multi year presence in the market. Not at all like on account of the X5, the item X6 uncovers that clients investigate such issue as execution and quality in settling on choices on whether to buy a particular item or not. The item quality is legitimately identified with the details

Physics lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Material science lab - Essay Example Truth be told, we make vehicles and vehicles with worked in breaks for us to have the option to control their increasing speed or speed and bearing now and again. We wear our safety belts as a result of the threat related with riding in a vehicle in a speed. We additionally make objects with a structure of making it simple for us to utilize lopsided power to move them from a spot to another for example and so as to overstep the law expressing that they tend to stay very still once they do. The uneven power we may apply could be estimated. A significant thought is the formation of meter for increasing speed or speed in vehicles. Estimating the speed of an article moving is significant in light of the fact that on account of vehicles this could at any rate guarantee our security out and about at a more noteworthy chances. Then again, â€Å"when a power is applied to an item, the difference moving in the article is relative to the power applied to the object† (Grimshaw, 2007, p.74). This is Newton’s ground-breaking second law of movement. In a straightforward comprehension, we can without much of a stretch express this law in a way that we are aware of the way that heavier articles require more power to move them. Now, it is critical to compute the particular measure of power ordinarily is should have been utilized so as to move an article to a specific bearing or separation. In view of this idea, Newton in this manner had the option to ascertain power as the result of the object’s mass and increasing speed. This precisely applies and approves the expressed surrendered thought connected with his second law of movement. Another gaining from Newton’s ideas and thoughts incorporate the relationship existing between static erosion and gravity. From the class conversation, I discovered that gave an article is set undisturbed on a surface for example, the main power that follows up on it is a gravity. Static grating is along these lines created for this situation in light of the fact that the article

Communication in Economics(Econ 479) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Correspondence in Economics(Econ 479) - Essay Example A few countries have set up severe principles in the retirement plans with the goal of guaranteeing that the prosperity of the residents is made sure about much after they come out of work. This is the contention which David Harrison brings up in the article. The article reports that there is requirement for additional changes to be started so individuals are not allowed to pull back the cash preceding arriving at the qualification age. The proposal in the article is substantial however may not be confident in managing the retirement and budgetary issues confronting representatives today. Americans ought to be permitted to keep profiting by their retirement account finances when need emerges. What should be done is the definition and establishment of techniques and approaches that will help in finding some kind of harmony between the current monetary needs which compel them to utilize their retirement reserves and the requirements they should meet when they are out of business. One significant motivation behind why I accept that ought to be permitted to pick when to utilize their retirement reserves is simply the way that most workers despite everything end up in troublesome monetary circumstances as a result of the predominant financial conditions. Factors, for example, monetary downturn have straightforwardly influenced the money related dependability of most Americans. Now and again, representatives are confronted with substantial budgetary needs which in one manner or the other influence their prosperity and even their profitability. Without the adaptability in the principles, a few people won't have the option to meet their monetary needs. Needs like doctor's visit expenses, ousting and dispossession of an individual living arrangements makes it fundamental for laborers to search for sure fire wellsprings of assets (Ezra, Collie and Smith 58). Cases have been made that there are different roads through which individuals can meet their budgetary commitments. Notwithstanding, a portion of the accessible alternatives like credits from banks may apply just to the individuals who despite everything have more years in business. The adaptable

Articles Of Confederation :: essays research papers

Articles of Confederation      It would have been hard to run a successful government under the Articles of Confederation. A considerable lot of the incredible personalities politically dynamic after the American Revolution understood this; hence showed up the introduction of one of the most noteworthy political records ever: The Constitution. With the execute of the Constitution, the United States government got powerful.      The result of probably the best personalities to ever exist in this world, the Articles had some constructive outcomes on society. It effectively put an end to the Revolutionary War, it arranged an ideal end to the war in the Bargain of Paris, and made a model for the confirmation of new domains graciousness of the Northwest Ordinance. In any case, it was excessively feeble to give the new country the essential establishment on which the development of society could be begun from.      For a certain something, any correction of the Articles required a consistent vote all through the provinces. Since this was practically unimaginable, there continually being different sides to everything [a genius and a con], changing the Articles to dispose of the thoughts that didn't work appropriately was close to outlandish. Another factor of the Articles' incapability was that Congress was fundamentally tied in its authority. After the war, the pilgrims confided in no extreme power; not even one they structured. It couldn't control trade, so what came about was thirteen provinces with various assessments and duty laws. This just added to the effectively present sentiments of abhorrence and doubt which had existed between the provinces since they were first settled.      After this time of eight years, the "Critical Period", the light at the finish of the passage showed up with Thomas Jefferson composing the Constitution. It designated the force, at the circumspection of the individuals. It was intended to be changed; the incredible personalities who planned it understood that they themselves were most certainly not reliable, and could commit errors. The excellence of the Constitution was that it took into account these missteps. Rather than the unbelievable consistent vote of states to transform it, 66% of Congress and afterward three-fourths of the states must support. It guaranteed that nobody segment of government could become so incredible to the point that it could be viewed as a Parliament through the Checks and

What Makes Aphid Reproduction So Efficient

What Makes Aphid Reproduction So Efficient Aphids flourish by the sheer power of their numbers. Their mystery: Because pretty much every bug predator takes a gander at them as a tidbit, their lone possibility of endurance is to dwarf them. On the off chance that aphids are acceptable at a certain something, its duplicating. Consider this reality from entomologist Stephen A. Marshall in his book Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity​: In ideal ecological conditions and coming up short on any predators, parasites, or ailment, a solitary aphid could deliver 600 billion relatives in a single season. Exactly how do these minor sap suckers duplicate so productively? They can change the manner in which they duplicate and how they create as ecological conditions change. Aphids Can Reproduce Without Mating (No Males Needed!) Parthenogenesis, or agamic multiplication, is the main key to an aphids in length family tree. With scarcely any special cases, aphids in spring and summer are largely females. The primary wingless matrons bring forth from eggs in late-winter (from eggs laid late the earlier year to overwinter), prepared to repeat without the requirement for male mates. Inside half a month, these females produce more females, and not long after that, the third era shows up. Etc, etc, etc. The aphid populace extends exponentially without a solitary male. Aphids Save Time by Giving Birth to Live Young The existence cycle goes a lot speedier on the off chance that you skirt a stage. Aphid moms are viviparous, which means they bring forth live youthful throughout the spring and summer, as opposed to laying eggs during these seasons. Their posterity arrive at regenerative development much sooner since they dont need to lounge around standing by to bring forth. Later in the season the females and guys both develop.â Aphids Dont Develop Wings Unless They Need Them Most or the entirety of an aphids life is spent benefiting from a host plant. It doesn’t need to go far, so strolling gets the job done. Creating wings is a protein-concentrated assignment, so aphids shrewdly save their assets and their vitality and stay wingless. The aphids do very well in their apterous state until food assets come up short or the host plant becomes so busy with aphids that the gathering must scatter. At exactly that point do they have to develop a few wings. When troubles arise, the Aphids Get Going High populaces, which happen rapidly considering the aphids productive multiplication, lead to not exactly ideal conditions for endurance. When there are such a large number of aphids on a host plant, they start contending with one another for food. Host plants shrouded in aphids are quickly drained of their sap, and the aphids must proceed onward. Hormones trigger the creation of winged aphids, which would then be able to take off and build up new populations.â Aphids Adapt Their Life Cycle to Environmental Conditions All would be to no end if the aphids in chilly atmospheres just solidified to death at the end of the year. As days become shorter and temperatures fall, aphids start creating winged females and guys. They find reasonable mates, and the females lay eggs on enduring host plants. The eggs will carry on the family line, delivering one years from now first bunch of wingless females.

decline in union membership in essays

decrease in organization enrollment in papers Figures discharged by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) in 2000, show that the decrease in Australian organization enrollment proceeds, notwithstanding the endeavors of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU), to stop the slide. The ABS reports that worker's organization participation has dropped to 28 percent of the complete workforce, contrasted with 1992, where there was 40 percent. (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2000.) Past ABS discoveries show that these ongoing figures are a piece of a general pattern, with no slight recuperation recorded in the previous six years. While it is apparent that there is a decrease in organization enrollment, it is critical to break down why this is so and what the associations are doing to battle the descending pattern. In endeavoring to handle this issue, it is imperative to express the primary goals of an association that draw in representatives to join an enrollment and why the participations are declining. Australian associations were built up in the main portion of the nineteenth century, with development starting in the post dash for unheard of wealth time. It is from that point that the quickest development of the time appears to have been in the time of the 1880s, where prosperous monetary conditions and a tight work showcase were powers making for association improvement (Dabscheck, Griffen, and Teicher, 1992). The essential goal of a worker's organization is to improve the prosperity of its individuals. They were shaped to counter the prevalent monetary intensity of the businesses. It has for some time been perceived that the market strength of businesses must be balanced by laborers acting all in all and building up associations to deal for their sake. The most significant capacity of an association is to boost the wages and pay rates of its individuals (Deery, Plowman, and Walsh, 2000). For what reason do workers join associations? There are various reasons that a worker may join an association yet three central point are obvious. They are; disappointment with financial parts of the activity; a craving to impact those parts of t... <!

Michigan Ross’ Brand-New Online, Part-Time MBA

document.createElement('audio'); https://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/hubfs/Podcast_audio_files/Podcast/Michigan_ross_online_mba_anne_schoen_wally_hopp_2019.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | Spotify Interview with Michigan Ross Dr. Wally Hopp, Associate Dean for Part-Time MBA, and Anne Schoen, Associate Admissions Director for Part-Time MBA Programs [Show Summary] Michigan Ross has a brand new MBA program – an online option to add to its menu of part-time programs as well as its flagship, highly ranked full-time program. We’re going to learn about this great new option among online MBAs in an interview with Michigan Ross’ Dr. Wally Hopp, Associate Dean for Part-Time MBA, and Anne Schoen, Associate Admissions Director, Part-Time MBA Programs. All About the Michigan Ross Online, Part-Time MBA [Show Notes] Our guests today are Dr. Wally Hopp, Associate Dean for Part-Time MBA, and Anne Schoen, Associate Admissions Director, Part-time MBA Programs at Michigan Ross. I’m going to omit my usual bios because they have long ones and because there’s a lot to talk about with the brand new online MBA program that Ross is offering. Can you provide an overview of Ross’ new online MBA? [1:57] The core curriculum is the same as our existing programs, with electives overlapping with other programs and other characteristics of our programs – the action-based learning component and MAP programs, for example, just like any other program. The requirements and rigor are the same, as well as the focus on group work. The real difference is the medium used to conduct the courses. The program is at a distance, of course, but we also provide career support, networking, and events that can be tapped into remotely, so we hope that the answer is it isn’t all that different from any other program. What made Ross decide to add an online option to its menu of MBA programs? [3:32] We are delivering to the niche of the market that wants more flexibility to pursue their MBA while working. They care a lot about being able to continue their careers, so value staying where they are and going at the pace they can go at. It became clear we could meet those needs more effectively by leveraging technology than we could by insisting on the traditional residential education. We got here in more than one step. Our weekend program is already 1/3 digital, so this was the next step in evolution, offering a bigger portion online and smaller residential format for people who need more flexibility. The website touts the program’s flexibility. Is there a recommended time to complete the program? Or course load per semester? What is the shortest amount of time? Longest amount of time that you anticipate? [5:05] The shortest time is probably two years, and that would be with a pretty hefty workload – four courses per semester. We expect there will be some students who opt for that, but the more typical pace is about 3.5 years, and there will be some who will go longer. 3.5 years is two courses per semester. Our courses are offered in half semesters, so it essentially involves taking one course at a time continually through the whole 3.5 years, which is about a 10-15 hour/week workload. That is manageable in our evening students and think it will be with online students as well. Can you describe the residential component of the program? [6:31] We want to make sure we provide the experiences that students can’t get through the online channel during the residential session. The focus will be on intensive action-based role playing on campus mixed with other blocks of Ross students. It is important that participative learning happens for online students and they feel like they are truly part of the Michigan Ross community. Each session will center around some kind of activity. The first will be on business leadership, participating in the Ross Crisis Challenge, which is a simulated challenge that is essentially a 24-hour experience where groups of students try to manage through a crisis, going in front of a board, and doing a press conference with real reporters. We will wrap the course around the experience, so they will be with other online MBA students taking a course about business leadership around the crisis challenge. So hackathons, simulations, and role-playing experiences will be the foundation of courses that integrate the curriculum, each about 3.5 days long. How will MAP work for the online program? [9:53] Hooking them up with industry sponsors works the same – you bid on projects, and work in teams, but unlike where teams travel to the client with their advisor in the traditional program, we will conduct the business of the project via teleconferencing. The sponsors have no problem with this since they do this all the time. In terms of learning objectives, rubrics, and 360 feedback, all of that will be based on the Ross model. Students will just get that experience over the web as opposed to via travel. What are you looking for in the admissions process? [14:33] The process is essentially the same as our other programs GRE/GMAT, essays, letters of recommendation, resume, and interview are all required, with the interviews via invitation only. We are looking for intellectual acumen so we know they can do well in the program and handle the rigor. We are also looking for folks who are collaborative – teamwork is so important. Communication skills are also critical, and through the essays we hope to get a sense of the type of person they are, impact they’ve had on their organization, and hopefully see they have a sophisticated view of the world, offer diverse perspectives, and will be able to educate classmates about what they are a subject matter expert in. What are the essay questions? [16:50] They are the same for all of our programs. We have a series of short answer prompts that are 100 words each. There are three groups of questions, and you have to answer one from each group: Group 1 I want people to know that I: I made a difference when I: Group 2 I was humbled when: I am out of my comfort zone when: Group 3 I was aware that I was different when: I find it challenging when people: These questions let us understand the why behind what they are answering and how they adapt to each situation. It also forces them to be succinct. Ross lays out its criteria for acceptance very clearly on the site. One of them is â€Å"Fit with the Ross approach to management education as demonstrated through essays.† What is Ross’ approach to management education? [18:40] Action-based and collaborative. The good old Midwestern work ethic is alive and well in Ann Arbor. Your educational experience depends on your classmates to some extent, so we are looking for people who have good people skills, are responsible, etc. There are things that help us filter out people who would be damaging to the action-based learning. Is experiential learning a big component of the program? [19:50] Yes. I teach the core operations class, and we do some simulations, so after they learn some basic skills we give them a learn-by-doing experience that can be done virtually. It is not a matter of here is a formula and figure out where to apply it. Instead it is, â€Å"Here is a problem, solve it, and see if you can take this learning and generalize it to something universal. People learn a lot better from inductive learning – seeing the world and figuring out patterns. Is the interview virtual? [22:45] Yes. We figured that made the most sense. It is more behaviorally based. A lot of emphasis is based on work history. The resume is the only thing the interviewer will have, so make sure anything relevant or important is listed on that resume. Other than the residential vs online component, what is different about the Ross online MBA than a traditional part-time MBA. [23:47] As little as possible. We have the same learning objectives across all the MBAs subject matter, assessment, all very similar across programs. Since we have the residencies, we are turning some things that are co-curricular in the residential program into a foundation for a course. We wanted to give students the experience of being in role plays at the same time as fulfilling requirements. We are not sure if this will change how we do things in the residential program yet. Can someone start in the online program and switch to the on campus program? Either full-time or part-time? [25:19] The online and evening programs are the two most flexible programs so within those programs one could change, or they could still come to Ann Arbor for a particular course they want to take live, but the traditional, weekend and exec programs wouldn’t work due to them being cohort based. Is there a work experience requirement for online MBA applicants? [26:49] Yes. It is the same for other part-time programs, with at least 12 months of fulltime work experience. Average experience range is 5-7 years. For the pool so far, it’s tending to skew higher, with 7-8 years of experience. At the time the show airs, the next and last application deadline for the inaugural class starting in Fall 2019 will be May 20. Any advice for those interested in being a part of the inaugural class and starting their online MBA this fall? [27:43] Study for the GMAT or GRE and get that taken, as that is usually the hardest part of the application. Use your study time for test prep as a dry run for time management. It’s a good time to carve out hours of your day to study. Take time to talk with your employer about work flexibility, and with your friends and family so they know that you may not see them as often as you usually do, as it does take a village to complete the program. What about those planning ahead to apply next year? How can they prepare? And will you have more than one intake? [28:55] We are just planning for a fall intake initially and see what demand is like. We have the ability for a winter or spring intake but it all depends on how fast faculty can get courses up, as well as demand. As for preparing, study for the GMAT, call us we do phone consultations weekly. Visit campus to see our culture, and talk to student ambassadors in the part-time program. We believe their experiences will be very similar and they will have great tips to share with prospective students. What is a frequently asked question about the program that surprised you since announcing the online option is coming to Ross? [31:49] We built this program with flexibility in mind, so were surprised that students were always asking, â€Å"When can I come to campus?† and, â€Å"How often can I come to campus?† because I thought the reason students wanted online was because they didn’t want to come to campus. Once people are in the community they want to be here, we just didn’t want to make it burdensome to require that kind of travel. Flexibility means more than distance-based, and not needing the ability to regularly come to campus, but no one had thought about. It did make us happy to integrate the online students into the Ross community because it is obvious they want to be part of it. Will students have access to all of the career services components? [35:25] Yes they will, which includes individualized career development planning whatever that looks like for them. We have all of our traditional workshops, mock interviewing, resume help and all that, like leveraging negotiation strategies. They also can participate in on-campus recruiting. What question would you like to answer that I didnt ask? [36:31] What has the impact been to business education overall from going down this online channel? Once you dig into the details of how you do it, you deconstruct business education and wind up finding ways of making the education better across the board. Within evening and weekend programs we have better assurance of learning models in place as a result of all the work we are doing for the online program. Ross now has better programs across the board. It has been a great experience for us as a school. One thing we didn’t talk about is class size – we are thinking small, maybe 40-50 in the inaugural class. As we progress through, we think steady state will get a bit larger. We want exceptional quality, and size is dependent on the market size. We are hoping that the number of people interested in our program is up into the low hundreds in steady state. Related Links: †¢ Michigan Ross Part-Time Online MBA †¢ Accepted’s Michigan Ross MBA Essay Tips Deadlines †¢ Accepted MBA Admissions Services Related Shows: †¢ Michigan Ross MBAs, Entrepreneurs, and Founders of Bschool Travel †¢ Michigan Ross MBA: It’s About REAL, Clear, and Teamwork †¢ Sustainability, Ross MBA, And The Erb Institute: Business As A Force For Good †¢ NYU Stern’s New Online Masters in Quantitative Management Subscribe: Podcast Feed

Make Your Final Exam Essay Topics Good

Make Your Final Exam Essay Topics GoodWhat are composition final exam essay topics? Are they some type of scam that will make you want to quit your job and start writing novels about love and loss? Let's talk about what the best subjects for an essay are.I can't think of a better or a better subject for an essay than love and loss. It's an old and classic subject, but there are just so many great subjects that fit the bill.In order to win arguments, we must know how to know what we are talking about. To win arguments, you must know your audience and their concerns and needs. To win arguments, you must be able to find solutions to their problems.A good subject for an essay is a topic that is powerful and memorable. It will bring up issues and give insight into how the writer sees and understands the world around them. It will let you know what makes them tick.A good topic is one that engages the reader. If the topic you choose is uninteresting, people won't take it seriously. People l ove to read over again. People like to make connections.This is a subject that really can take you to another level. It requires you to take risks. It is the subject that gives you the opportunity to speak up, the subject that allows you to challenge assumptions. So, in order to score high on the exam, you must have this quality as well.Good topic that scores high on the examination is a topic that connects you to the reader. Good topic that scores high on the examination is a topic that allows you to connect to the reader and make them feel comfortable.

The FEDs Expansionary and Contractionary Monetary...

During these hard times, people are facing one of toughest job markets in our nation’s history. Even though the media says economic recovery is imminent, many are still wondering when they will see the light at the end of the tunnel. The Federal Reserve Bank or FED is already being asked to prepare an â€Å"exit strategy† due to the concern that the expansionary monetary policy they used will quickly turn the recession into high inflation. This â€Å"exit strategy† can also be described as contractionary monetary policy and is going to be used to counteract the inflation sure to follow the economy’s recovery. Critics of this plan argue about when it should be implemented because it could make a recession worse or the inflation just as bad as the†¦show more content†¦The discount rate is also lowered allowing the banks to worry less about debt and loan to people with lower credit scores. This encourages people to make loans because of the lower int erest rates which increase investment and consumer spending; this makes the economy expand ending recessions. Eventually all the increase in demand translates directly into higher prices or inflation. These prices can soar out of control which can be a problem for people without cost of living adjustments or (COLA’s) added to their income. To keep prices stable the money supply must be decreased which means reserve requirements and the discount rate must be raised. Consequently, banks will have less money to loan and will loan to fewer people decreasing demand. The Federal Reserve will also sell bonds for currency that will be taken out of circulation to decrease demand. The change will mean that people will have less disposable income resulting in less demand and lower prices. Timing is crucial when deciding which policy to use, when the fed used expansionary monetary policy many were worried that there was too much liquidity put into the system. The main critics say that th e fed should use contractionary monetary policy to soak up excess liquidity, but the chairman of the fed says he wants to see signs of a recovery first. No one canShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression Was The Single Most Devastating Economic Catastrophe Essay1809 Words   |  8 PagesThe Great Depression was the single most devastating economic catastrophe that had resounding effects and consequences on people all over the world. Did the various expansionary monetary policies employed by the Fed help the US pull out of the Great Depression during the Hoover administration? What was done differently after Roosevelt became president? Many economists and historians have argued that the misguided monetary policies during the Hoover administration including the mistiming of interestRead MoreQuestions and Answers on US Economy and Fiscal Budget1366 Words   |  6 Pagesservices. As the citizens of the state and policy makers dwell much on decisions made that concern revenue and expenditu re, it is very crucial to find out how the government uses the revenue it collects. In the financial year 2011, the federal government spent 24% that is part of Gross Domestic Product for the country: it is estimated to be $3.6 trillion in figures. As the level expenditure for 2011(which is a share of the GDP) increases because of the economic downtown, the planning of the budget isRead MoreExercises for Microeconomics17876 Words   |  72 PagesEXERCISES FOR MICROECONOMICS TOPIC 1 Economics: An Introduction (Chapters 1 2 in the Textbook) EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWINGTERMS ââ€"Ž Average benefit ââ€"Ž Average cost ââ€"Ž Economic surplus ââ€"Ž Economics ââ€"Ž Microeconomics ââ€"Ž Macroeconomics ââ€"Ž Marginal benefit ââ€"Ž Marginal cost ââ€"Ž Normative economics ââ€"Ž Positive economics ââ€"Ž Rational person ââ€"Ž Sunk cost ââ€"Ž Opportunity cost ââ€"Ž Absolute advantage ââ€"Ž Comparative advantage ââ€"Ž Attainable point ââ€"Ž Unattainable point ââ€"Ž Efficient point ââ€"Ž Inefficient

Evaluating The President Is The Best President - 1243 Words

Evaluating the President Essay ‘â€Å"Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man s character, give him power.’ -Abraham Lincoln† (Quotes†, par. 4). Lincoln was able to lead the country successfully in a position of great power, even when there was pressure and hardship. President Lincoln is the best president because he was decisive, kindhearted, and trustworthy. Decisiveness is essential for a great leader because they must know what they want to do, and then they must confidently act on it. One example where Lincoln showed decisiveness is his decision to hold Fort Sumter, and later his decision to declare war. One day after President Lincoln took office, he received a message from Major Robert Anderson, commander of the troops at Fort Sumter. Lincoln was informed that the troops were running low on supplies, such as ammunition and food. Lincoln had to decide whether to order the troops to stay, or to give up the Fort to the Confederacy by leaving and coming back to the Union. He asked his cabinet for advice, and even though there were conflicting opinions, Lincoln did what he thought was best . Lincoln decided that he would continue to have the troops hold the fort. He would try to get supplies to them by sending an unarmed boats to Fort Sumter. The boats were unarmed so that if the Confederate troops attacked, they would look aggressive an d violent. In the end, this approach helped prevent four states from seceding the Union (â€Å"Fort Sumter† 1-5). TheShow MoreRelatedFederal Bureaucracy and Tasks Specialization1724 Words   |  7 Pagesare appointed by __________ and confirmed by __________. a. the president; the Senate b. the president; the House of Representatives c. the president; the Supreme Court d. the Senate; the president e. the House of Representatives; the Supreme Court Political appointees in the federal bureaucracy __________. a. may remain in office until a new party majority in Congress b. may remain in office until a new president is elected c. often remain in office despite political changes Read MoreBirch Paper Company723 Words   |  3 Pagesdivision’s profit margin he would accept Eire Paper Company’s bid because their bid presents the best profit margin for Northern Division. Kenton should accept the Eire bid. (2) Which bid is in the best interest of Birch Paper Company? - The Thompson bid is in the best interest of the Birch Paper Company. The out of pocket costs are much lower for Birch when keeping the bid internal. When evaluating the out of pocket costs associated with the different bids, it’s clear Birch cuts costs drasticallyRead MoreAudit Evidence of Grande Store Case Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pageswhy there were 28 credit memos (fictitious). Then when the auditors looked at the credit memos they indicated the credits were for three other reasons. The auditors wanted to a conformation of the credits. So the president of Grande Stores acted like he called the Springbrook president. Handing the phone to the auditors not letting them know it really was an officer of Grande Stores. This officer confirmed the credits over the phone. But the officer would not give a written confirmation supportingRead MoreThe Organizational Culture Of The Lincoln Electric Company1035 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieves that, the Christian ethic should control our acts. If it did control our acts, the savings in cost of distribution would be tremendous. Advertising would be a contact of the expert consultant with the customer, in order to give the customer the best product available when all of the customer s needs are considered. Competition then would be in improving the quality of products and increasing efficiency in producing and distributing them; not in deception, as is now too customary. Pricing wouldRead MoreThe Power to Persuade Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Neustadt states that the power of the president lies in the power to persuade. According to Neustadt, the key to presidential success and influence is persuasion. Although some may view the president as a powerful authority figure, the checks and balances established by the founders makes the president’s skills of persuasion crucial. The president’s accumulation of personal power can make up for his lack of institutional powers. The president must act as the â€Å"lubricant† for the other sectorsRead MoreExecutive And Ceo Of The Exxon Mobil Corporation1547 Words   |  7 Pagesand Texas. (b) His first overseas assignment was as president of Exxon Yemen, Inc. (c) In January 1998 he became vice president of Exxon Ventures (CIS) and president of Exxon Neftegas. He Looked After Company’s operations in Thailand’s Khorat Plateau, the Caspian Sea, and Russia’s Sakhalin Island. (d) After Exxon merged with Mobil Corp. in 1999 to form Exxon Mobil, he held a number of senior executive positions. (e) He was named President of Exxon Mobil in 2004, a post which remained vacantRead MoreThe Northrop Grumman Corporation Financial Analysis1213 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial analysis overview When evaluating the Northrop Grumman Corporation financial analysis, projects, budgets and other finances the organization must first determine their suitability for investment. 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Silver Ships Essay - 1377 Words

1. What are the key elements of Silver Ships’ strategy? Which of the five generic strategies is the company pursuing? The first key element of Silver Ship’s strategy is multiple growth opportunities. Ramp;D, technology, and product design are also key elements of Silver Ship’s strategy. McCarty adhered to the highest possible quality and performance standards and made taking care of his employees a high priority. The generic strategy that Silver Ships is using is planned proactive moves to attract customers and out compete rivals via improved product design, better features, higher quality, wider selection, lower prices, etc. 2. Explain the competitive pressures facing the aluminum military and workboat industry. What can a†¦show more content†¦We believe all companies have weakness, but in reviewing the case we are having a hard time identifying these weaknesses. Market opportunities exist with continuing to promote the company at boat shows and bidding on demands from the military and law agency. Another marketing opportunity is using with exist resources to focus on a new innovation for small-scale terrorist operations, a significant new area in naval warfare and the Army’s planned replacement for bridge erection boats. We agree that McCarty external threats are the stagnant economy and existing rivals. McCarty must be careful with decision to expand with the current slow pace of economic recovery. McCarty never had to lay off employees before and wanted to keep this trend. Existing rivals’ expansion may nibble at McCarty’s current clients depending on McCarty’s strategic decisions. 5. What is your assessment of Silver Ship’s financial performance and condition? Is the company in good financial shape? Why or why not. Use financial rations to help support your assessment. Silver Ships is in a mediocre financial condition as of 2009. From 2006 to 2009 Silver Ships increased net sales by five million dollars. Silver Ships net income dropped during the recent recession, but began to grow again in 2009. Return on equity also dropped during the recession but began to climb in 2009.Show MoreRelatedSilver Ships Case Study Essay6823 Words   |  28 Pages As a new hire of Silver Ships, you have been asked to prepare an industry and company analysis for Mr. Mike McCarty, owner of Silver Ships. Your report should also provide specific recommendations with brilliant justifications based on your industry and competitive analysis. Rev. Confirming Pages g Silver Ships’ Strategy in the Military and Workboat Industry CASE 14 David L. Turnipseed University of South Alabama s Mike McCarty walked through the Silver Ships shipyard monitoringRead MoreSilver Ships Case Study3058 Words   |  13 PagesSilver Ships is not as well prepared for the future as it could be in terms of succession planning, diversification and capital structuring. 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The Memory Of The Vietnam War Essay - 1668 Words

The memory of war is one that often focuses on larger political and military topics while the average person often overlooks micro scale events, such as the refugee experience. Nonetheless, these events are more capable of giving a sense of the objects that were truly at stake in a conflict between larger parties. Ling Dang, a refugee of the Vietnam War, has a distinct memory of the Vietnam War because of the fact that she was born in the year of the Fall of Saigon. As a result, Linh’s memory of Vietnam, up until the age of 10, lies in the middle of a spectrum between memory and postmemory. I must admit that prior to interviewing Linh, I expected to hear a narrative that was much more traumatic like those we had covered in the course. Thankfully Lihn’s story wasn t as traumatic as others that experienced the war first hand and after conducting the interview and listening to others, I find Linhs story to be one that resonates with memory of older Vietnamese refugees and post memory younger Vietnamese-Americans. Similar to Angela Ho, Lihns childhood experience shaped her outcome that many would associate with the term â€Å"model minority†. Like older older refugees, such as Tam Duong, Linh maintains a patriotic stance on the War, although not as praising of the United States. The concept/ myth of the model minority is one that has intrigued me through the later part of the course simply because I can see the many reasons why people would deem the model minority idea to be true.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Vietnam War By Kristen Ann Hass s Making A Memory Of War897 Words   |  4 PagesWhen discussing the topic of America’s involvement in the Vietnam War and the toll it had on America as a whole, it can be rather controversial. Many people wonder what the war was even about and some even bring up that the Vietnam War could be considered another Civil War for America. An example of this is how Marilyn Young argues in her article, â€Å"The Vietnam War in American Memory,† how many Americans treat Vietnam as something that happened amongst themselves. I believe what Young meant by thisRead MoreThe Vietnam War Era Of American History1700 Words   |  7 Pages Stanley Karnow describes the Vietnam War era of American history as à ¢â‚¬Å"†¦a tragedy of epic dimensions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 1 and it is fair to postulate that this is no understatement. One of the more pertinent ramifications of the Vietnam War was the deconstruction of fundamental, if somewhat illusory, American conceptions and ideals. The war shattered America’s hitherto unshakeable â€Å"confidence†2 in its political hegemony, military prowess and assumed authority in world order, i.e. â€Å"†¦its moral exclusivity, its militaryRead MoreThe War Of The Vietnam War1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War, or also known as the American War to the Vietnamese people, is a catastrophic battle that has left both nations reeling with the casualties and the irreversible emotional, physical, and mental destruction for civilians and soldiers alike. Spanning over two decades, the war has taken away not only the lives of its soldiers, but also the souls of its survivors. Aware of its impact, artists, writers, and filmmakers from both side s have attempted to capture the post-war memories andRead MoreThe Vietnam War : A Black Eye952 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam war is a black eye in American history. Most soldiers were drapted into the war. Most of the soliders did not believe in the war. However, most Soldiers only had one chance to prove themselves to the platoon leader only one thin line between staying alive or dying. Surviving the Vietnam war was the main focus of the soldiers fighting amongst each other. Some soilders left the battle field with memories, but some soldiers memories faded away. Memories is what united the soldiers afterRead MoreFacing It By Yusef Komunyakaa1158 Words   |  5 Pageshimself is the one who is speaking, the poem is about his own life experience at the Vietnam Memorial. The way a person can tell if the own poet of the poem is the speaker is by the use of first person. In this case, the poet uses words like â€Å"I† and â€Å"I’m† that support the fact that h e is the speaker. The Vietnam War was a Historical event taken place in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Which was one of the first War that African Americans were integrated with White people, and the majority of the soldiersRead MoreEssay On The Things They Carried1629 Words   |  7 Pagessoldiers during the Vietnam era who were sent to the Vietnam War. The author, Tim O’Brien, describes the things that the men carry during their tour of duty. The items carried are both physical and impalpable items and what these things are is subject to the individual soldier. They carry the necessities for survival in the jungles of Vietnam as well as the personal things each soldier feels necessary to make life as comfortable as possible. Additionally, each of the men carries the memories and fears ofRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1459 Words   |  6 Pages1950’s, the Vietnam War turned to be the modern pinnacle for battles resulting in the deaths of 58,000 Americ an soldiers and millions of Vietnamese death. It saw the viable destruction of modern technology such as the newly fashioned M-16 rifle and the Apache, a helicopter made for mass destruction. For the soldiers experiencing Vietnam, it was truly an experience which would shape their hearts and minds forever. As evidenced in Tim O’ Brien’s The Things They Carried, The Vietnam War was an emotionalRead MorePsychological Changes During Soldiers From The Vietnam War981 Words   |  4 PagesSOLDIERS FROM THE VIETNAM WAR The survival of a soldier depends on what he wears. In war, the line between life and death is thinner than ever, and often, supplies, weapons, and the equipment of a soldier is the only thing that can cause the line not to clear. But, a soldier also carries his memory, memories, amulets, ghosts of the past, and trivial objects that do not let him forget that there is another life-the life-beyond war. Soldiers of Alpha Company, who fought in Vietnam, carry everythingRead MoreThe Bible By Abel Cain And The Other Abel1292 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to Abel’s murder, there was no war, man had not fought and sword had not been raised. It was from Cain punishment, which struck the feeling of hatred and the idea of war to solve problems. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, was a military struggle fought in Vietnam from 1959 to 1975 between the United States Forces and the Vietnamese army. Vietnam was the first significant war lost by the United States of Americ a. It was the first war to be broadcasted nightly through televisionRead MoreAmbush by Tim O Brien994 Words   |  4 Pagesis correct or not, it leaves an indelible memory. In Tim OBriens confessional writing, Ambush, he creates a flashback and recalls his memory in Vietnam. With detail descriptions, Tim OBrien expresses his guilt towards killing an innocent young man. Furthermore, reinforcing his opposition against war with the writing. In paragraph 2 and 3, Tim OBrien has created a flashback to present his regretful memory of the past. He was involved in the Vietnam War and accidentally killed a young man. However

Biblical Narrative free essay sample

The Art of Biblical Narrative, by Robert Alter, presents us with an introduction to a literary approach to the Bible. Specifically, he treats the prose of the Bible as highly sophisticated fictional narrative for the purposes of literary and analysis, countering notions that the often bewildering features encountered in it are a result of primitive writing technique or confused synthesis of varied sources. After opening with an introductory example and a survey of the current state of the literary study of the Bible (as of 31 years ago at least), he moves on to the core of his argument. He begins by discussing prose fiction and sacred narrative in general, and then moves on to discuss the use of convention within Biblical narratives. Next is the function of, and relationship between, narration and dialogue in the Bible. Next is the Biblically ubiquitous rhetorical device of repetition. Next he discusses the way the Bible deliberately leaves out details where our modern ears would expect them. After that, he analyzes the multi-sourced aspect of the Bible. Finally, he restates and expands the earlier discussion of the purpose and value of fiction and why it appears as it does in the Bible. First I will distill the gist of his theses, and then I will offer my own commentary. Alter’s first and central thesis, that, in terms of literary genre, the Biblical narratives are prose fiction, specifically, vacillating between historicized prose fiction and fictionalized prose history. Some important explanation: First, this terminology is primarily meant to indicate the literary sophistication of the narratives in contrast to the terms commonly given to them, legend, folklore, fairy tales, sagas, anecdotes, etc. The stories are not primitively inferior, as our modern ears are apt to hear many of the foreign literary devices, but rather, understood in their context, they are meticulously crafted and compiled stories by master storytellers. Next, the prose of the Bible stands in direct and stark contrast with the epic poetry of its pagan neighbors. The very usage of prose instead of poetry constituted a worldview rebellion from the powers of the time; prose was invented by the Hebrews as a new, counter-culture way of talking about the nature of the world. Prose depicted the universe more, well, prosaically, while epic poetry imparted a cosmic ritual-ness to the story-tellers and their story. The difference between the prose and the epic poetry is almost perfectly analogous to the differences of theology and worldview between the biblical authors and their contemporaries. The grammar was permitted to be looser, and significantly more ambiguity was allowed, in prose than in ANE epic poetry; the worldview of the Bible presents a much more (almost explicitly) nuanced, indeterminate understanding of man’s place in the world than the fixed, eternally subservient office of man in ANE epic poetry. Those sacred narratives were characteristically cyclic, focusing upon the unchanging, timeless events bound by the poetry, whereas the Bible offers a fixed beginning and unpredictable characters. The Bible doesn’t provide us with the fixed characters of myth and legend. It always gives us complex, nuanced characters as a challenge to the surrounding worldview. Three quotes serve to elucidate the way Alter sees the relationship between this literary conception of the Bible and its historical nature. First, â€Å"The point is that fiction was the principal means which the biblical authors had at their disposal for realizing history. † [p32] Second, â€Å"The author of the David stories stands in basically the same relation to Israelite history as Shakespeare stands to English history in his history plays. Shakespeare was obviously not free to have Henry V lose the battle of Agincourt, or to allow someone else to lead the English forces there, but working from the hints of historical tradition, he could invent a kind of [coming-of-age story] for the young Prince Hal † [p36] And third, commenting on the story of Ehud and Elgon, â€Å"It is perhaps less historicized fiction than fictionalized history history in which the feeling and the meaning of events are concretely realized through the technical resources of prose fiction† [p41 emphasis mine]. Finally, a key point about the nature of prose fiction is the artistic enjoyment in crafting a compelling story, and the enjoyment of the listeners/readers when encountering those stories. There was a serious distinction between prose and poetry in the types enjoyment to be had, both in weaving the story and hearing it. The authors used their artistic license to tell the story in a meaningful way, but in a way that was enjoyable to create and to experience. Observing the essentially aesthetic nature (as distinct from the informational or confessional natures) of the Bible’s composition is crucial to grasping what it is trying to express. â€Å"[S]erious playfulness can crystallize subtle and abiding truths of experience in amusing or arresting or gratifying ways,† [p46] and this is one more reason why prose fiction was immeasurably more suited to expressing the truths of God than the standard ANE epic poetry. After his introduction to the function and value of prose fiction in the Bible, Alter discusses convention. First, he uses an example of convention in Hollywood westerns to demonstrate how easily readers without an awareness of the conventions of the genre can utterly misunderstand the reason certain story events recur, and the significance carried by any deviation from those conventions. Then, he sheds light on some passages frequently assumed by scholars to be constructions from shared sources, and argues that their similarities arise not from the authors mixing up sources, but from convention; specifically, the three â€Å"betrothal at the well† scenes: Isaac and Rebecca , Jacob and Rachel, and Moses and Zipporah. The story of a good betrothal follows a relatively strict pattern, deviation from which can signal meaningful change in artistic intention. Careful literary analysis of the Bible requires attention to these patterns or at least a keen awareness that we have no access to sources necessary to indicate to us where many patterns are. After this, Alter analyzes the relationship in Biblical stories between narration proper and dialogue between characters. He argues that in the Bible, dialogue (either between characters, or, more rarely, inner-dialogue) is the preferred vehicle of narrative and character development, whereas descriptive narration proper is used only in certain instances, namely, 1) actions essential to the plot, 2) exposition setting the stage, and 3) â€Å"verbatim mirroring, confirming, subverting, or focusing in narration of statements made in direct discourse by the characters† [p77]. When narration mirrors dialogue, it is meant to draw attention back to the dialogue in some way. Alter argues that the reason for this emphasis is because â€Å"the biblical riters are less concerned with actions in themselves than with how individual character responds to actions or produces them[. ]† [p 66] One common device in characterization through dialogue is the contrast between the respective brevity or loquacity of characters’ speech to each other; a short question with a long reply, or a long question with a short reply, depending on the situation, can tell the attentive listener nearly everything he needs to know about that character. Questions of appearance, or other descriptions which moderns would ask, had virtually no presence in the ancient Israelite mind. This all alerts us to two things. First, any variation on this conventional preference for dialogue should be significant enough to draw closer attention, as well as any variation on the conventional ordering of exposition, actions, mirroring, and dialogue. Second, the biblical authors only included descriptive details which they thought were completely essential to the story, and thus special attention must always be paid to actions and details within biblical stories, and to their significance to the import of the story. For example, when Eve gave the fruit to Adam, the following words, â€Å"who was with her,† would have had such significance as to mean, â€Å"who had been standing there with her the whole time! † But we today are much more accustomed to expository detail, and don’t tend catch the significance that resided in those details. The next stage of Alter’s literary treatment of the Bible is focused on the all-pervasive presence of repetition within Biblical narration. He addresses four types of repetition in the Bible: Leitwort, motif, theme, sequence of actions, and type scene; but first points out that the original audience and authors must have taken pleasure in the mechanism of repetition in ways that we simply do not. Indeed, in English prose, word repetition is tedious and usually interrupts flow. Leitwort, the label Alter uses for this sort of word repetition which English avoids, where a specific word or set of words appear with regular frequency in a given narrative, is one of the commonest and easily observable techniques of repetition in the Bible. Since this technique also takes advantages of Hebrew word constructions that don’t necessarily come off in translation, it is, of course, much more visible in the original language, and so familiarity with the original language offers access to a deeper layer of meaning beyond syntax and vocabulary. This feature of Hebrew narrative is the most noticeable difference from most modern languages and literature, and its usage is always both intentional and meaningful. Because of the Bible’s heavy reliance on repetition as discussed here, key meanings can be discovered by paying attention to the variations (additions, subtractions, word changes) between verbatim quotations as they appear in a given story. The second category of repetition is motif, a flexible term for an idea or thing, usually something concrete, repeated at key points of a given narrative, which helps to tie the story together in memorable ways. The third type is theme, which is larger and more composite than motif, as motif is to leitwort. It is reflective more of the value system of the story and teller, and is the pedagogical or hortative aspect of the story. The fourth category of repetition is sequence of actions, a further step larger and more composite than theme. This is when, in a single story, a character does or experiences a certain set of actions or events more than once, such as Balaam’s three failures to direct his donkey, Delilah’s repeated attempts to sap Samson’s strength, or Job’s sequential loss of everything. This technique of repetition is usually for the purpose of memorability. Finally, the largest and most composite sort of repetition in the Bible, Type-scene, is seen when seemingly entire stories are told again, but perhaps with different characters, but which are really conforming to convention. Once again, the variations between individual samples of repetition like type-scene are significant to the meaning of a story. The next feature of prose fiction relevant to literary study of the bible is â€Å"reticence,† and it is particularly idiosyncratic to the Bible. In short, this is the Bible’s unusual (to us) habit of leaving the internal (emotional, mental) lives of its characters almost completely un-described and uncommented-on. For a long time, the trend was to attribute this lack of description as poor, primitive storytelling and characterization. The biblical writers DO demonstrate the ability to do so on occasion, so the careful literary critic will realize that this reticence is deliberate and craftful. It is simply a method, foreign to us, for circuitously communicating depth and ambiguity. As pointed out earlier, austere economy in exposition and narration proper is the rule in Biblical prose, so careful attention must be paid to what inner life is described, and how certainly, in order to catch many of the authors’ meaningful hints. The unique level of ambiguity produced by this narrative technique is uncannily apt for the monotheistic worldview held by the Biblical authors for whom the tension between God’s ordering and man’s disordering is never far out of mind. The chief impediment to analysis of the Bible as literature is the reality that it was not written by one author, but rather composed by multiple authors, editors, redactors and compilers, even within individual books. Is any one particular instance of narrative contradiction the intentional (or even intuitive) result of a skilled storyteller, or the incidental result of multiple editors/redactors attempting to cobble together irreconcilably disparate sources? Alter argues that contradiction and inconsistency within a narrative are indeed the result of an author pulling together multiple sources, but that the contradictory elements are the vessels of meaning indispensable to the author. For example, the introductory stories of David sharply contradict, but this is because they are describing aspects of David which naturally suggest contradiction, that is, the realities of both his private person and his public figure. Thus, rather than editorial incompetence, the presentation of the two stories together reflects a nuanced, artful awareness of the complexity of David’s character. â€Å"Without both these versions of David’s beginnings and his claim to legitimacy as monarch, the Hebrew writer would have conveyed less than what he conceived to be the full truth about his subject. † (p153, emphasis mine) â€Å"Would it not be frivolous on the part of an anonymous Hebrew writer charged with the task of formulating sacred traditions for posterity to indulge in writerly [sic] pleasures? Alter asks as a hypothetical challenge to his conception of the Bible as fictionalized history/historicized fiction. â€Å"The repertoire of techniques for telling a story,† with fiction prose, he tells us, were (and indeed, still are) more abundant and more fit to convey knowledge about Yahweh than any other form of literature of the time. â€Å" [E]xaggeration or stylization may be a means of exposing what is ordinarily hidden, and fantasy may faithfully represent an inner or suppressed reality[. † In this way, the playfulness and artfulness of the fiction prose of the Bible is not frivolous, but profoundly and unexpectedly serious. And far from being a way to deceive, mislead about the truth of what happened, or invent entire stories from whole cloth, the prose fiction of the Bible serves as the vehicle for the authors’ depiction of history. Once more, â€Å"fiction was the principal means which the biblical authors had at their disposal for realizing history. Alter’s core thesis is both brilliant and simple, yet open enough for a wide range of interpretation that its value can hardly be overstated. Furthermore, he is right that fiction can often convey knowledge that other methods of expression struggle with. (There is a truth to Winnie the Pooh completely absent in any newscast or history textbook. ) And really, is it possible, even in theory, to relate any past event without some degree of imaginative fictionalization? One’s choice of words, starting point, ending point, excluded details, emphasis, and even the act of remembrance, will all necessarily involve acts of imagination, so why ought the Bible and its creation be exempt from fictionalization, especially considering all the features which seem only to be there for their aesthetic effect? Alter’s examples and explication of specifics were superb at delineating why it is so difficult for us to catch those features, and pointing in the direction of further study. While it was a masterful work, The Art of Biblical Narrative was not without its problems. His discussion of the common ground between fiction narrative and â€Å"historical† narrative was painfully short, and I believe I myself only grasped it because of my prior education in the subject. Additionally, he gives the impression, despite occasional qualifications, that the narrative of the Bible all employs the same fictional techniques, as if they were all by the same author. He gives very little time to possible differences from author to author, especially over time. For an example of how this is problematic, the supposed Biblical/Hebrew preference for dialogue over action seems absent especially in the early parts of Genesis. We are also given no direct information about which school of literary criticism he belongs to, in order to more accurately judge his arguments over the backdrop of his educational context. Finally, he doesn’t clearly explain exactly what fiction is. Despite these shortcomings however, Alter’s work still towers as the authoritative work on the subject thirty years later, and with good reason.

Should Norway become a Member free essay sample

After serious consideration, I have decided to write about the EU-membership. Since the EU was first started, there have been many discussions around this particular theme. This is one of the reasons why I have turned to it in my essay. I think the different parts of the discussion of why Norway should be a member, are very engaging, and there are many good arguments coming from both sides. For the many members who can join the EU-membership, including Norway, the membership is considered to have many positive consequences. The EU’s expansion into Norway will make an increased competition for the Norwegian economic life and trade, but it will also cause an expansion of the market we know today. The positive consequences of the expansion is partially tied up with a joint regulation wich will cause stabile boundaries for each of the parts it involves. The Norwegian fishmarket will benefit in many ways because of the increased spending power. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Norway become a Member? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the downside is that the membership will not secure the fishtrade interests. Another thing we have to take into concideration is that the Norwegian economic life can suffer of a suppression from the other members. It is said that EU is a democracy, but when the many interest-parts want’s to benefit from the membership, it can swiftly cause problems for a country like Norway. A country with not so large population as other countries, but with much more potentially/real resources. Such a suppression can easily cause a crack of the Norwegian market. Joining the EU will also come with many commitments. That I am not sure the of people of Norway are capable of handling. A part of the countries that can or has joined the EU, are very pour and this causes economical commitments towards them. On the long run, the helpers may benefit of the development of these countries, but in what degree is not sure. Suppression of the countries outside EU, will defenitely cause disputes, and maybe also bring out extremists groups. EU was started because certain countries wanted to make a kind of a union, to prevent further wars in the European continent. In my opinion, EU has changed their point of view, and likes the idea of a large democracy built upon many other democracies. The EU is starting to look more like a superpower in development, it is getting larger and larger, and the question is; Will the the EU go so far to put the remaining countries outside the EU under a forced membership? I don’t think the step will go so far, but the ever growing â€Å"union† will faster and faster develop a economically and psychological advantages. The EU can grow so large that the other superpowers in the world may begin to think of the EU as a threath. When a union grows so large, with so many important countries involved, they can easily lose face and be concidered to be a threath to another powerful superpower’s economy. Also, a democracy built upon so many countries and interests, will fall easier. There are many good reasons for joining the EU, but I think there are just as many on not to. Deciding a country’s future like this is very hard, and I can therefore understand the cleavage that has come to show in this discussion. The whole thing is so confusing, and it is hard to see the consequences, that is also why I haven’t decided which side I am on. One thing is certain, Norway has got to make a choice, and then we have to decide if dare to bet on this, or to lock ourself in, and fight for our resources. As my final point, I would like to direct attention to the fragileness of the EU. It is like a house of cards, if you remove one of the cards, the house will fall.

Radio Formats free essay sample

The subject matter covered by documentaries often includes historical events, people of Influence. and current Issues. Doing research for the radio documentary may also nvolved finding people who have something to contribute to the documentary, either by providing an interview, a story, or any other bits of material that can give the show some added substance. When developing a social awareness project. especially one that is devoted to promoting HIWAIDS awareness, doing the proper research is mandatory! The information dispersed by such a show must be accurate, reliable, and current. Radio drama Is a story told through sound alone The sound in the form of: Radio drama has a beginning . iddle and end. The beginning is everything. If this part of it does not work Listener will switch off the radio Movement and progress or climax must be suggested in radio through sounds The Plot : This is the story with lots of twists and turns. We will write a custom essay sample on Radio Formats or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without a good plot youre eating a souff © that has gone flat. Two sub plots would be interesting. Keep tne plots llnKea logically wltnln tne same play. The best system is a major and a minor storyline linked to one another. Get them to come together at the end. Characters: Every character is equally important. But our main character must have the sympathy of the audience. Your audience has to identify with your main character. If this does not happen you have created a failure. Dialogue : Characters inform, argue, amuse, outrage, argue through the ebb and flow of dialogue. When we do we talk and that is how great radio plays are made.. by talking in dramatic dialogue Drama = conflict = audience. There has to be an emotional, financial, human, moral, physical struggle so your listeners can laugh or cry.

History- civil war exhibit essays

History- civil war exhibit essays A House Divided exhibition in the Chicago Historical Society Museum is a showcase of the causes and components of the Civil War. However, most importantly this exhibit places slavery, the peculiar institution, as the root cause for this devastating domestic war that erased more than 600,000 New World citizens from the earth. The title itself suggests a difference of opinions and they lie between the North and South. The difference between the two was only amplified by changing people and economies. The arrival of the transportation revolution, the immense land ownership opportunities in the West, and the industrialization of our nation found the North changing and the South staying the same. This exhibit was adorned with many relics from the Lincoln era. It was organized in a circular way so that everything centralized around the most vital pieces of the exhibit, Lincolns denunciation of slavery and the abolitionists movements relics. It can be viewed much like a book would be read, background in the beginning, rising action, a climax and ultimately a resolution. By the 1830s the Northerners religious beliefs and free-labor society ideals didnt include the institution of slavery and that posed a very big problem in relation to the expansion of the U.S. westward and the fear of slavery going that way as well. The election of Lincoln was vested in course of ultimate extinction, speaking of his plan to halt slaverys expansion and existence. Initially one sees a huge picture of Lincoln titled The Railsplitter, circa 1860, as he/she walks in. It is about 12X7 feet, and Lincoln is illustrated as a young, common man, shirt unbuttoned, splitting wood at the dawn of a misty summer morning. Behind him is a placid lake, and even further back, a blurred vision of the White House. This painting represented that a common citizen can rise to lead the nation,...

HR Strategies for Hotel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Strategies for Hotel Management - Essay Example The most significant feature in the management of this chain of hotels is the availability of well trained, efficient and motivated work force. The company understands the necessity of the keeping the spirits of its employees high to realize its business dreams in the most acceptable manner. The hospitality industry and more specifically hotel industry is one of the most dynamic and sensitive business sector which performs very high during the favourable business environment while experiences a very sharp fall during the periods of recession or economic slow down. Thus being one of the leading hotel chain in China, Metropark hotels company need to create a unique style of management leadership that could set benchmarks in the hospitality business segment (Grand Metro Park Hotel, n d). The major domains the HR practices need to be reinforced is in the domain of delegation of work. The concept of right work to right people needs to be promoted well. As the hotels have different target clients based on the brands attached to it, the employees capabilities expected shall also differ from one type to the other. The Grand metro park hotels has most of its visitors from US and European Union, mostly the business executives who have their business operation expanding in China. Thus the capability of all the staff who are placed to handle different tasks must be highly capable to ensure not only to deliver their responsibilities well but also to ensure the retention during their future visits. The customer relation team shall also work in tandem with them to ensure the future business too. In addition to their skills to use English, language, the linguistic abilities of the front office staff shall include their abilities to handle other foreign languages like Spanish, French, Russian, Italian and also Arabic. Further, the

Strategic Choices at Toyota Corporation Assignment

Strategic Choices at Toyota Corporation - Assignment Example The company’s first truck design weighed one to one and a half ton after assembling. After the Second World War, other nations developed an interest in Toyota’s trucks due to their astounding efficiency during the war. Although they were low on speed, their involvement in the war was highly consequential in that they had eased mobility. This paper will take a broad look into the history and evolution of Toyota, the strategies it used to stay on top of the motor world and its recent strategic moves into making it the leading car brand in the World today. Toyota experienced remarkable growth during the post-war period as the United States encouraged them to venture into the manufacture of other locomotives other than those for war. Remarkably, their invention would later be used in the agricultural sector and above all in the public transport industry. As a result, this led to the designing of the Toyopet, which was one door minimized vehicle. After the withdrawn involvement of the U.S military, its production rose to two hundred and fifteen cars yearly. By the year 1965, Toyota automobile made six hundred thousand units per annum compared to eight thousands four hundred units in 1955. In its expansion process, Toyota designed a weapon carrier truck, the Land Cruiser, whose features resembled those of a jeep. On the contrary, its engine capacity was bigger than that of the Jeep by a slight margin. Its first comfort car, the Crown, emerged in 1955 with a four-power cylinder, half- liter engine capacity and a customized column shift. Th e Toyota Corona was the second luxury vehicle incepted into the Toyota stable whose manufacture growth per month increased to fifty thousand car units by 1964. Since that time, Toyota has continued to release remarkable brands into the world market. The SWOT analysis is the critical evaluation of the Strengths and Weaknesses from within an organization in relation to the external Opportunities and Threats essentially to determine its growth and development.  

Frederick Winslow Taylor Essay Example for Free

Frederick Winslow Taylor Essay Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency.[1] He is regarded as the father of scientific management and was one of the first management consultants.[2] Taylor was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and his ideas, broadly conceived, were highly influential in the Progressive Era. or passed the Harvard entrance examinations with honors. However, due allegedly to rapidly deteriorating eyesight, Taylor chose quite a different path. Instead of attending Harvard, Taylor became an apprentice patternmaker and machinist, gaining shop-floor experience at Enterprise Hydraulic Works in Philadelphia (a pump-manufacturing company whose proprietors were friends of the Taylor family). He left his apprenticeship for six months and represented a group of New England machine-tool manufacturers at Philadelphias centennial exposition. Taylor finished his four-year apprenticeship and in 1878 became a machine-shop laborer at Midvale Steel Works. At Midvale, he was quickly promoted to time clerk, journeyman machinist, gang boss over the lathe hands, machine shop foreman, research director, and finally chief engineer of the works (while maintaining his position as machine shop foreman). Taylors fast promotions probably reflected not only his talent but also his familys relationship with Edward Clark, part owner of Midvale Steel. (Edward Clarks son Clarence Clark, who was also a manager at Midvale Steel, married Taylors sister.) Early on at Midvale, working as a laborer and machinist, Taylor recognized that workmen were not working their machines, or themselves, nearly as hard as they could (which at the time was called soldiering) and that this resulted in high labor costs for the company. When he became a foreman he expected more output from the workmen and in order to determine how much work should properly be expec ted he began to study and analyze the productivity of both the men and the machines (although the word productivity was not used at the time, and the applied science of productivity had not yet been developed). His focus on the human component of production eventually became Scientific Management, while the focus on the machine component led to his famous metal-cutting and materials innovations. While Taylor worked at Midvale, he and Clarence Clark won the first tennis doubles tournament in the 1881 US National Championships, the precursor of the US Open.[1] Taylor became a student of Stevens Institute of Technology, studying via correspondence[5] and obtaining a degree in mechanical engineering in 1883. On May 3, 1884, he married Louise M. Spooner of Philadelphia. From 1890 until 1893 Taylor worked as a general manager and a consulting engineer to management for the Manufacturing Investment Company of Philadelphia, a company that operated large paper mills in Maine and Wisconsin. He spent time as a plant manager in Maine. In 1893, Taylor opened an independent consulting practice in Philadelphia. His business card read Consulting Engineer Systematizing Shop Management and Manufacturing Costs a Specialty. Through these consulting experiences, Taylor perfected his management system. In 1898 he joined Bethlehem Steel in order to solve an expensive machine-shop capacity problem. As a result, he and Maunsel White, with a team of assistants, developed high speed steel, paving the way for greatly increased mass production. Taylor was forced to leave Bethlehem Steel in 1901 after discord with other managers. After leaving Bethlehem Steel, Taylor focused the rest of his career on publicly promoting his management and machining methods through lecturing, writing, and consulting. In 1910, owing to the Eastern Rate Case, Frederick Winslow Taylor and his Scientific Management methodologies become famous worldwide. In 1911, Taylor introduced his The Principles of Scientific Management paper to the American mechanical engineering society, eight years after his Shop Management paper. On October 19, 1906, Taylor was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Pennsylvania.[6] Taylor eventually became a professor at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College.[7] In early spring of 1915 Taylor caught pneumonia and died, one day after his fifty-ninth birthday, on March 21, 1915. He was buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Work Taylor was a mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. Taylor is regarded as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants and director of a famous firm. In Peter Druckers description, Frederick W. Taylor was the first man in recorded history who deemed work deserving of systematic observation and study. On Taylors scientific management rests, above all, the tremendous surge of affluence in the last seventy-five years which has lifted the working masses in the developed countries well above any level recorded before, even for the well-to-do. Taylor, though the Isaac Newton (or perhaps the Archimedes) of the science of work, laid only first foundations, however. Not much has been added to them since – even though he has been dead all of sixty years.[8] Taylors scientific management consisted of four principles: 1.Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. 2.Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. 3.Provide Detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that workers discrete task (Montgomery 1997: 250). 4.Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks. Future US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis coined the term scientific management in the course of his argument for the Eastern Rate Case before the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1910. Brandeis argued that railroads, when governed according to Taylors principles, did not need to raise rates to increase wages. Taylor used Brandeiss term in the title of his monograph The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. The Eastern Rate Case propelled Taylors ideas to the forefront of the management agenda. Taylor wrote to Brandeis I have rarely seen a new movement started with such great momentum as you have given this one. Taylors approach is also often referred to as Taylors Principles, or, frequently disparagingly, as Taylorism. Managers and workers Taylor had very precise ideas about how to introduce his system: It is only through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the best implements and working conditions, and enforced cooperation that this faster work can be assured. And the duty of enforcing the adoption of standards and enforcing this cooperation rests with management alone.[9] Workers were supposed to be incapable of understanding what they were doing. According to Taylor this was true even for rather simple tasks. I can say, without the slightest hesitation, Taylor told a congressional committee, that the science of handling pig-iron is so great that the man who is physically able to handle pig-iron and is sufficiently phlegmatic and stupid to choose this for his occupation is rarely able to comprehend the science of handling pig-iron.[10] Taylor believed in transferring control from workers to management. He set out to increase the distinction between mental (planning work) and manual labor (executing work). Detailed plans specifying the job, and how it was to be done, were to be formulated by management and communicated to the workers.[11] The introduction of his system was often resented by workers and provoked numerous strikes. The strike at Watertown Arsenal led to the congressional investigation in 1912. Taylor believed the laborer was worthy of his hire, and pay was linked to productivity. His workers were able to earn substantially more than those under conventional management,[12] and this earned him enemies among the owners of factories where scientific management was not in use. Propaganda techniques Taylor promised to reconcile labor and capital. With the triumph of scientific management, unions would have nothing left to do, and they would have been cleansed of their most evil feature: the restriction of output. To underscore this idea, Taylor fashioned the myth that there has never been a strike of men working under scientific management, trying to give it credibility by constant repetition. In similar fashion he incessantly linked his proposals to shorter hours of work, without bothering to produce evidence of Taylorized firms that reduced working hours, and he revised his famous tale of Schmidt carrying pig iron at Bethlehem Steel at least three times, obscuring some aspects of his study and stressing others, so that each successive version made Schmidts exertions more impressive, more voluntary and more rewarding to him than the last. Unlike [Harrington] Emerson, Taylor was not a charlatan, but his ideological message required the suppression of all evidence of workers dissent, of coercion, or of any human motives or asp irations other than those his vision of progress could encompass.[13] Management theory Taylor thought that by analyzing work, the One Best Way to do it would be found. He is most remembered for developing the stopwatch time study, which combined with Frank Gilbreths motion study methods later becomes the field of time and motion study. He would break a job into its component parts and measure each to the hundredth of a minute. One of his most famous studies involved shovels. He noticed that workers used the same shovel for all materials. He determined that the most effective load was 21 ½ lb, and found or designed shovels that for each material would scoop up that amount. He was generally unsuccessful in getting his concepts applied and was dismissed from Bethlehem Steel. Nevertheless, Taylor was able to convince workers who used shovels and whose compensation was tied to how much they produced to adopt his advice about the optimum way to shovel by breaking the movements down into their component elements and recommending better ways to perform these movements. It was largely through the efforts of his disciples (most notably H.L. Gantt) that industry came to implement his ideas. Moreover, the book he wrote after parting company with Bethlehem Steel, Shop Management, sold well. Relations with ASME Taylors own written works were designed for presentation to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). These include Notes on Belting (1894), A Piece-Rate System (1895), Shop Management (1903), Art of Cutting Metals (1906), and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911). Taylor was president of the ASME from 1906 to 1907. While president, he tried to implement his system into the management of the ASME but was met with much resistance. He was only able to reorganize the publications department and then only partially. He also forced out the ASMEs long-time secretary, Morris L. Cooke, and replaced him with Calvin W. Rice. His tenure as president was trouble-ridden and marked the beginning of a period of internal dissension within the ASME during the Progressive Age.[14] In 1911, Taylor collected a number of his articles into a book-length manuscript which he submitted to the ASME for publication. The ASME formed an ad hoc committee to review the text. The committee included Taylor allies such as James Mapes Dodge and Henry R. Towne. The committee delegated the report to the editor of the American Machinist, Leon P. Alford. Alford was a critic of the Taylor system and the report was negative. The committee modified the report slightly, but accepted Alfords recommendation not to publish Taylors book. Taylor angrily withdrew the book and published Principles without ASME approval.[15] Taylor published the trade book himself in 1912. Patents Taylor authored 42 patents.[16] Taylors influence United States One of Carl G. Barths speed-and-feed slide rules. A Gantt chart. †¢Carl G. Barth helped Taylor to develop speed-and-feed-calculating slide rules to a previously unknown level of usefulness. Similar aids are still used in machine shops today. Barth became an early consultant on scientific management and later taught at Harvard. †¢H. L. Gantt developed the Gantt chart, a visual aid for scheduling tasks and displaying the flow of work. †¢Harrington Emerson introduced scientific management to the railroad industry, and proposed the dichotomy of staff versus line employees, with the former advising the latter. †¢Morris Cooke adapted scientific management to educational and municipal organizations. †¢Hugo Mà ¼nsterberg created industrial psychology. †¢Lillian Gilbreth introduced psychology to management studies. †¢Frank Gilbreth (husband of Lillian) discovered scientific management while working in the construction industry, eventually developing motion studies independently of Taylor. These logically complemented Taylors time studies, as time and motion are two sides of the efficiency improvement coin. The two fields eventually became time and motion study. †¢Harvard University, one of the first American universities to offer a graduate degree in business management in 1908, based its first-year curriculum on Taylors scientific management. †¢Harlow S. Person, as dean of Dartmouths Amos Tuck School of Administration and Finance, promoted the teaching of scientific management. †¢James O. McKinsey, professor of accounting at the University of Chicago and founder of the consulting firm bearing his name, advocated budgets as a means of assuring accountability and of measuring performance. France In France, Le Chatelier translated Taylors work and introduced scientific management throughout government owned plants during World War I. This influenced the French theorist Henri Fayol, whose 1916 Administration Industrielle et Gà ©nà ©rale emphasized organizational structure in management. In the classic General and Industrial Management Fayol wrote that Taylors approach differs from the one we have outlined in that he examines the firm from the bottom up. he starts with the most elemental units of activity – the workers actions – then studies the effects of their actions on productivity, devises new methods for making them more efficient, and applies what he learns at lower levels to the hierarchy[17] He suggests that Taylor has staff analysts and advisors working with individuals at lower levels of the organization to identify the ways to improve efficiency. According to Fayol, the approach results in a negation of the principle of unity of command.[18] Fayol criticized Taylors functional management in this way: In Shop Management, Taylor said[19]  « the most marked outward characteristics of functional management lies in the fact that each workman, instead of coming in direct contact with the management at one point only, receives his daily orders and help from eight different bosses these eight were (1) route clerks, (2) instruction card men, (3) cost and time clerks, (4) gang bosses, (5) speed bosses, (6) inspectors, (7) repair bosses, and the (8) shop disciplinarian.  »[19] This, Fayol said, was an unworkable situation, and that Taylor must have somehow reconciled the dichotomy in some way not described in Taylors works. Switzerland In Switzerland, the American Edward Albert Filene established the International Management Institute to spread information about management techniques. USSR In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin was very impressed by Taylorism, which he and Joseph Stalin sought to incorporate into Soviet manufacturing. Taylorism and the mass production methods of Henry Ford thus became highly influential during the early years of the Soviet Union. Nevertheless [] Frederick Taylors methods have never really taken root in the Soviet Union.[20] The voluntaristic approach of the Stakhanovite movement in the 1930s of setting individual records was diametrically opposed to Taylors systematic approach and proved to be counter-productive.[21] The stop-and-go of the production process – workers having nothing to do at the beginning of a month and storming during illegal extra shifts at the end of the month – which prevailed even in the 1980s had nothing to do with the successfully taylorized plant s e.g., of Toyota which are characterized by continuous production processes (heijunka) which are continuously improved (kaizen).[22] The easy availability of replacement labor, which allowed Taylor to choose only first-class men, was an important condition for his systems success.[23] The situation in the Soviet Union was very different. Because work is so unrhythmic, the rational manager will hire more workers than he would need if supplies were even in order to have enough for storming. Because of the continuing labor shortage, managers are happy to pay needed workers more than the norm, either by issuing false job orders, assigning them to higher skill grades than they deserve on merit criteria, giving them loose piece rates, or making what is supposed to be incentive pay, premia for good work, effectively part of the normal wage. As Mary Mc Auley has suggested under these circumstances piece rates are not an incentive wage, but a way of justifying giving workers whatever they should be getting, no matter what their pay is supposed to be according to the official norms.[24] Taylor and his theories are also refe renced (and put to practice) in the 1921 dystopian novel We by Yevgeny Zamyatin. Canada In the early 1920s, the Canadian textile industry was re-organized according to scientific management principles. In 1928, workers at Canada Cotton Ltd. in Hamilton, Ontario went on strike against newly introduced Taylorist work methods. Also, Henry Gantt, who was a close associate of Taylor, re-organized the Canadian Pacific Railway.[25] With the prevalence of US branch plants in Canada and close economic and cultural ties between the two countries, the sharing of business practices, including Taylorism, has been common. Criticism of Taylor Management theorist Henry Mintzberg is highly critical of Taylor’s methods. Mintzberg states that an obsession with efficiency allows measureable benefits to overshadow less quantifiable social benefits completely, and social values get left behind.[26] Harry Bravermans work, Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century, published in 1974 was critical of scientific management. This work pioneered the field of Labor Process Theory. Taylors methods have also been challenged by socialist intellectuals. The argument put forward relates to progressive defanging of workers in the workplace and the subsequent degradation of work as management, powered by capital, uses Taylors methods to render work repeatable, precise yet monotonous and skill-reducing.[27] James W. Rinehart argued that Taylors methods of transferring control over production from workers to management, and the division of labor into simple tasks, intensified the alienation of workers that had begun with the factory system of production around 1870-1890.[28] Tennis accomplishments Taylor was also an accomplished tennis player. Together with Clarence Clark he won the inaugural United States National tennis doubles championship at Newport Casino in 1881 defeating Alexander Van Rensselaer and Arthur Newbold in straight sets.[1]